1. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, and physiology of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. 2. To understand and accurately diagnose common urological conditions such as urinary tract infections, prostate disorders, kidney stones, and bladder cancer using appropriate diagnostic tests and procedures. 3. To develop proficiency in patient evaluation by obtaining a detailed urological history, performing a thorough physical examination, and interpreting laboratory and imaging studies. 4. To understand the principles of managing common urological emergencies, such as acute urinary retention and renal colic, and implement them effectively in clinical practice. 5. To understand and communicate the treatment options available for common urological conditions including surgical procedures, minimally invasive interventions, and pharmacological treatments.