1. To understand and identify the anatomical structures of the upper urinary tract and their respective functions. 2. To recognize the common clinical conditions affecting the upper urinary tract like kidney stones, hydronephrosis, and renal tumors. 3. To develop knowledge about the various types of diagnostic imaging techniques and laboratory tests commonly used in the study of upper urinary tract disorders. 4. To grasp the basic principles of clinical management for common upper urinary tract disorders, including nonsurgical and surgical treatment options. 5. To analyze patient case scenarios for better understanding and application of learning about upper urinary tract anatomy and related clinical pathologies.