1. To understand the fundamental aspects of non-imaging diagnostic studies such as laboratory tests, electrocardiograms, and pathological findings. 2. To develop competence in interpreting, evaluating, and synthesizing data from multiple non-imaging sources to facilitate evidence-based clinical decision making. 3. To understand how to apply the results of these diagnostic tests in various clinical scenarios and settings. 4. To review common challenges and pitfalls in interpreting non-imaging data, and to devise strategies to address them. 5. To enhance communication skills and team collaboration when discussing non-imaging data interpretation with fellow healthcare professionals.