1) To understand the concept of ‘acute on chronic’ breathlessness and differentiate it from other types of respiratory distress. 2) To identify and analyze the myriad of potential causes behind acute on chronic breathlessness, including the various underlying diseases that can contribute to it. 3) To develop skills in evaluating and diagnosing patients presenting with acute on chronic breathlessness, through medical history, physical examination and appropriate investigations. 4) To gain knowledge on the most up-to-date and evidence-based management strategies for treating patients experiencing acute-on-chronic breathlessness. 5) To effectively communicate with patients about their condition, inspiring patient confidence in management plans and improve their understanding of their own health situation.