1. By the end of the session, learners should be able to define and explain the concept of bias in relation to systematic reviews in medical research studies. 2. Participants should be able to identify potential sources of bias that could distort the findings of a systematic review and categorize them into selection bias, publication bias, and other forms of bias. 3. Learners should be equipped to assess and quantitatively evaluate the risk of bias in a systematic review using standardized scales such as the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. 4. At the end of the session, participants should be able to develop strategies to minimize bias in a systematic review, including the use of stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, comprehensive literature search, and dual independent review. 5. Learners should be able to interpret and discuss the impact of bias on the results of a systematic review, especially in terms of validity and reliability of the findings, and how these can affect the clinical application of the research.