1. To understand the basic pathophysiology of the most common diseases in nephrology such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. 2. To be proficient in interpreting laboratory tests relevant to nephrology including renal function tests, urinalysis, and imaging studies. 3. To gain knowledge on the most recent clinical guidelines and best practices for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various nephrological conditions. 4. To identify the interdisciplinary approaches and interventions involved in patient care in nephrology, including medical, surgical, dietetic, and psychological aspects. 5. To build confidence in discussing and communicating with patients and their families about the prognosis, potential complications, and the importance of compliance to therapy in various nephrological conditions.