1. To understand and identify the anatomical structure and physiological function of the eye, including the roles of various parts in the visual process. 2. To diagnose and manage common ophthalmological disorders, such as glaucoma, cataract, and macular degeneration, demonstrating appropriate use of diagnostic tools and knowledge of appropriate referral pathways. 3. To properly perform and interpret results of basic ophthalmic examinations, such as visual acuity test, slit-lamp examination, funduscopy, and intraocular pressure measurement. 4. To develop skills in patient consultation focusing on eye problems, gain proficiency in taking ophthalmological history, and understand patient concerns and explanations in an empathic and respectful manner. 5. To demonstrate an understanding of current advancements in ophthalmological treatments, including surgical procedures, pharmacological solutions, and therapeutic interventions.