1. Identify and describe the major parts, functions, and possible complications of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. 2. Demonstrate understanding and application of diagnostic procedures, including physical examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging studies for lower GI cases. 3. Analyze various lower GI cases, their clinical manifestations, and potential implications for patient management. 4. Outline and evaluate different treatment options and strategies for commonly occurring lower GI cases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and diverticulosis. 5. Develop skills for communicating effectively with patients about lower GI issues, ensuring their understanding of their condition and promoting positive patient outcomes.