1. To evaluate and engage with the structure, function, and various elements of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) anatomy, focusing on how it reacts to different stimuli in health and disease states. 2. To differentiate between Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), examining the pathological, clinical, and diagnostic differences between the two. 3. To apply knowledge of lower GI anatomy in the interpretation of symptoms and clinical findings in patients with IBS and IBD, enhancing diagnostic thinking and therapeutic decision-making. 4. To interrogate the current research in the field of IBS and IBD, aiming to understand the possible causes, risk factors, treatment approaches, and outcomes of these common GI disorders. 5. To develop a comprehensive approach towards patient care in IBS and IBD, including strategies for patient education, symptom management, monitoring treatment response and addressing psychosocial issues.