1. By the end of the session, participants will be able to describe the essential components and functioning of the cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels. 2. Learners will be capable of explaining the physiologic principles underlying normal heart function, including myocardial contraction, electrical excitation, and heart valve dynamics. 3. Participants will be able to identify and describe the various stages of the cardiac cycle, including systole and diastole, how they are regulated, and their importance in overall cardiovascular health. 4. Learners will develop an understanding of cardiovascular response to stress and exercise, including changes in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. 5. By the end of the session, learners will have established a solid base of normal cardiac physiology knowledge, so as to better understand and recognize pathological conditions when they arise in clinical settings.