1. To understand the advanced relationship between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, their mutual influence, and the nature of their interaction in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. 2. To distinguish various pathophysiological conditions in which the cardio-respiratory interplay is significantly affected and the impact this has on patient health and disease progression. 3. To comprehend and synthetize the crucial diagnostic tools, tests, and laboratory findings associated with cardio-respiratory diseases, along with their interpretation and significance in clinical practice. 4. To grasp the principles and management strategies for common cardio-respiratory illnesses, including the therapeutic interventions, medication regimens, and the importance of lifestyle modifications and patient education. 5. To correctly apply theoretical knowledge of the cardio-respiratory system to practical case studies, demonstrating decision-making abilities in diagnosing and treating typical cardio-respiratory conditions.