1. Understand and describe the stages of the cardiac cycle, identifying the key physiological events that occur in each stage. 2. Explore the role of the endothelium in regulating cardiac function and maintaining cardiovascular health. 3. Identify and explain the potential causes of endothelial dysfunction and the impact it has on the cardiac cycle. 4. Analyze the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and various cardiovascular diseases, understanding the pathophysiology that links them. 5. Apply knowledge of cardiac cycle and endothelial dysfunction to interpret clinical scenarios, discuss treatment options, and predict potential outcomes.