1. Understand and explain the basic anatomy and physiology of the urological system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. 2. Identify common diseases and conditions affecting the urological system such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder issues, and prostate disorders. 3. Develop an understanding of the methods used to diagnose urological conditions, such as urinalysis, blood tests, imaging, cystoscopy, or biopsy. 4. Gain knowledge on the current treatment options for various urological conditions, including medications, surgical interventions, and lifestyle changes. 5. Analyze and interpret case studies related to urology, applying clinical reasoning skills to suggest appropriate management and treatment plans.