1. Demonstrate an understanding of the role of lactate concentration in diagosing and managing dysregulation of metabolism 2. Identify the root cause of metabolic pathologies contributing to elevated lactate levels 3. Recall the process and method of collecting, assessing and interpreting lactate levels in patients 4.Explain the purpose and clinical implications of regular lactate testing for pre- and post- operative patients 5. Construct a plan for implementing lactate testing in case management and evaluate the clinical outcomes.