Celiac disease: While celiac disease does involve malabsorption and can cause symptoms similar to those described, the biopsy would typically show villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, which is not depicted in the image provided.

Peptic ulcer disease: This condition should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, but it wouldn't cause any of the extraintestinal symptoms this patient has, nor the malabsorption. The biopsy would show chronic inflammation and active ulceration.

Inflammatory bowel disease: While this can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain, it doesn't usually cause iron deficiency anemia or hypoalbuminemia. Histology would likely show chronic inflammation and granulomas with Crohn's disease, or crypt abscesses with ulcerative colitis.

Whipple's disease, a rare and often fatal malabsorptive disorder, affects the small intestine and is caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. It can lead to malabsorption syndrome, represented by symptoms like diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, as well as extraintestinal manifestations like arthralgias. The histology reveals periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive foamy macrophages in the lamina propria, which is consistent with the image provided.