This patient has symptoms consistent with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. In this condition, the level of glucose in the blood exceeds the renal threshold for glucose, leading to high levels of glucose in glomerular filtrate. The kidney's proximal tubule cells, which are normally responsible for reabsorbing glucose, are unable to keep up, resulting in decreased glucose reabsorption and glycosuria.

Although more glucose is being excreted in the urine, this does not necessarily mean that the urine is hyperosmolar. The kidney has compensatory mechanisms to maintain urine osmolarity.

Diabetes mellitus does not directly affect the filtration rate of sodium in the glomerulus.

The urine in diabetes mellitus is not hypotonic, but is typically isotonic or hypertonic due to the excessive glucose present.