This is too high given the low disease prevalence and high specificity of the test. While the test is designed to minimize false positives, the low disease prevalence means that the number of true positives will be small compared to the total number of positive test results.

In this case, the prevalence of the disease is quite low (0.5%), meaning that the number of true positives is expected to be low. Even with a very specific test (98%), there will still be a significant number of false positives, especially in a large population. Therefore, the PPV, which is the proportion of positive test results that are true positives, will be relatively low.

This is too low given the high specificity of the test and low disease prevalence. While the prevalence is low, the specificity of the test is quite high, meaning that a reasonable proportion of positive results will be true positives.

This is too low given the high specificity of the test and low disease prevalence. Remember that the PPV considers true positives as a proportion of all positive results, not as a proportion of the total population.