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Hi, everyone. Thank you so much for joining. Um We'll just give it maybe a minute or so just to wait for everyone um to join. But um yeah, thank you so much for joining us today. Uh Get started really soon. Ok, so we'll get started. Um So um thank you everyone again. So, um welcome to student me, a London careers in global health and sustainability event. Um A quick bit about what we do. So we're a community interest company and we aim to coordinate the redistribution and supply of access medical supplies to individuals, communities or places that need um these medical supplies by organizing projects and link donating organizations and receiving organizations. Um Our mission is for everyone in the world to have fair equitable access to health care and health care resources and also for future health care professionals to have an awareness, motivation and ability to have a positive impact on global health and sustainability. Um And our main mission is to create a network of these donating and receiving organizations and volunteers as well to develop and be able to sustainably maintain this excess medical equipment, redistribution to regions that are in need but also raise awareness and provide education on important global health and sustainability topics as we're doing safe. Um what do we do? So as we mentioned, redistribute medical resources to low income settings, educate students in London and around the UK and internationally about important global health and sustainability issues and empower change. And we conduct a lot of research in the field of global health and sustainability and also medical education in these topics. We equitable access to medical resources and healthcare in the UK and abroad. And most recently we did this by hosting multiple webinars and seminars for um refugees who had just arrived in the UK from countries such as Ukraine and Syria and teaching them how they can access healthcare through the NHS and what their rights are in the UK. We also hope to talks and speakers in the field of global health and sustainability as we are doing today. And we also host an annual Global Health hackathon, which happens every year in March and it's extremely successful and really fun to be part of. So we hope to see lots of you that as well. Um We'd love for all of you to get involved so you can check out our website, you can sign up to our newsletter to receive information about what we're doing, but also to sign up to our volunteers network. So if we need any help with the redistribution of resources, um we'd love to have as many people get involved as possible. And you can also follow us on social media at a London on various different platforms. So what will we be doing today? So we'll be learning about an incredible of opportunities and careers in the field of global health and sustainability. And we have two amazing speakers lined up for us today who have a wealth of experience and expertise in the field. And we will also be playing a fun global health and sustainability quiz at the end and we'll have opportunities to win prizes and our prize for um this um event is a 25 lb Amazon Voucher. Um Quick talk about what we'll be doing. So we have it as an introduction. We'll be hearing from doctor I lost. We'll be hearing from Pat Sheriff. We'll have an opportunity for Q and A with our panel of speakers and we'll have um our quiz as well with the opportunity to win our Amazon voucher. Um A quick thank you to our sponsors. They've made this event possible and they also do wonderful work. They're pleased to use the QR codes below to um access their content um and help spread the message about the great work that they do. And um yeah, we're very excited to hear from our first speakers. I'm sure he'll do a great job of telling you more about what he does. But as a quick introduction that doctor I lost is the director of the selfcare academic research unit. I'm here in London. He is also the director and trustee of the International Selfcare Foundation and trustee of the self care Forum. He's a fellow of the who collaborating Center for Public health Education and training. The primary care team lead for NAN I HR Diagnostic Evidence Cooperative London and the General Manager of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust director, directorate of Public Health. And his principal aim as I'm sure he will tell you more about is to help accelerate the widespread adoption and diffusion of evidence based health and wellbeing self-care interventions. So, um thank you so much and I'd like to hand over to Doctor Alain now for his talk that we're already looking forward to. Thank you Charlie and everyone been patient. I'm really happy to be here and to uh to participate. It is interesting to know actually how many uh uh people have diabe to this talk and to this even I'd be interested to know um if you have information. So I'm gonna share my screen and um and I could start giving my talk, let me know if you will need to see my screen. Thank you is working. Yes, we can see that. Great. So thank you. Thank you for invitation. So I thought I'd give this uh uh finding email, a brief history of the selfcare academic research unit that you established recently and how I managed to get here. So I'm pleased to be part of this uh discussion and to take you through a to so the outline is like this, I'm gonna give a brief production about myself and how I ended up where I am. I'm going to give you an overview of the self care, a research unit and maybe highlight some examples of some of the projects we've done that are causing an impact and uh just briefly review the future preventative methods, health care and how you can get involved. And uh in terms of getting in touch for collaborations, et cetera, I'll try to limit my talk to 30 minutes. So my name is Austin uh as the head, I'm Director of the Standard Care Academic Research Unit for short, I'm an expert reviewer on the show guide psycho intervention among other things. So these are recent developments. Um You know, what did I want to do when I, when I grew up, when I was much younger, I actually was in a war torn country, Lebanon, a beautiful place. War first shot was fine when I was born. So we moved around like a lot in Lebanon and abroad and I was changing schools quite regularly, which was actually quite disturbing. But at the same time, I think it furnished me with some skills that only now I can celebrate when I went to university in London. I did a bachelor's degree in molecular biology and genetics. I been married University London. It was 1993. Long time ago. You can imagine that molecular biology and genetics back then were quite right. I'm going to try and put my head headset on. Let me see if that's supposed to solve the problem. Thank you. Thank you. Better. Is any better? Yes, that's quite a lot. Lot. Great. Thank you. Um So please let me know if this is better or if you'd like me to change microphone. But when I finished my degree in 1996 whatever it is that we learned what to do or how to do or other machines can do in medical biology, she had now that automate uh genetic sequencing and so on. So I went on to do a master's in pathology, I think in virology at Saint Mary's Hospital, it was Saint Mary's Hospital Medical School back then. And it was the year that it transitioned to Imperial and that, that was really fascinating. But then I went from really small and something you can't see to something that you could potentially see using a, an electron microscope. And after that, I became fascinated with the the field essentially. And I moved on to do a phd um at Saint Thomas's Hospital, which is part of King's College London on reducing the secondary complications of cataract surgery. So I moved away from very abstract um um field to something you could see with a microscope to cell biology and sham cataract operations and my phd was concerned with trying to reduce the complications of cataract surgery by optimizing the intraocular lens design in terms of edge geometry. So there's a bit of physics involved and also the substrate of the artificial lens. Um then I got really bored in the laboratory and I realized that actually I want to be out of the lab and, and not per petting things all the time. But nevertheless, I did a post doc Atkin's on tissue interaction using heavy weapons technology, which is high energy lasers. So these were military lasers that were brought in from the military and instead of being er, hot light to heat, these lasers are up to acoustic or light to sound and therefore there's no time for things to heat up the nanosecond pulse laser. And uh they've got uses in medicine. So instead of killing a large uh segment of the retina cell or cells, you can kill a cell at a time if you want. So they have very unique properties which are now being used in regular surgery. But I got very bored and I think a little bit depressed when I was doing my POSTOP because I was spending most of my time in the laboratory and, and I thought I should really change career and move out of the lab and, and go into research management. I really was unsure, but one thing led to the next, as you'll see in life that um, um, I ended up doing a master's in public administration at London South Bank University and that was an executive MB A, it's like an MB A but more focus on leadership and governance. And I really enjoyed that. It was really very good. I was working and I was spending, er, I think a day and a half at university doing my masters. Um, so I re careered essentially and moved away from laboratory bench, top science to research management. And I then began to work with the National Health Research as a research officer where I managed a portfolio of studies. And then subsequently, I changed career to become a research manager and that's where I am now. So these are the shifts from molecular biology, cell biology, from cell biology to la interaction, from that to medical device engineering, from medical device engineering to research management and research management within the public health sector in terms of N I hr to Imperial. And since joining Imperial 2011, 2013, I was really servicing everybody else's needs in the department of primary care Public Health, I learned a lot from working and collaborating with colleagues but nothing was mine. And um I wasn't really being invited to publish any work. So there was a long dry spell of not publishing. Um so that but nevertheless, I learned a lot and I picked up a lot of skills and I, and I just thought that it would be nice for me to own something if that makes any sense. And long story short, I went to a conference in 2016 for the National standard of Care conference. I was inspired by what was being said and uh we decided to collaborate together and establish the standard care academic research unit at Imperial. So Scar is a collaboration, collaboration between the selfcare forum UK and the International Selfcare Foundation. And of course in College London School of Public Health, the whole Department of Primary Catholic Health is a wh collaborating center for public health education and training and we remain as the only university academic unit in the world doing work on self care. So our mission is to make the absolute case for self care. And we are the Academic Hall of Self Care currently and we're really focusing on thought leadership and thinking of ways to demo access to self care products, service interventions. Um Let me just do that here. Thank you. So it all started obviously with everybody's realization that that these are the modifiable risk factor, healthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use excess alcohol that leads to the intermediate risk factors which cause raised BP. So on, that could lead to these non diseases, the lifestyle diseases that are killing 80% of of people worldwide. The good news is there was recognition already that these risk factors are modifiable through behavior change. And this was the premise of which is the oldest type of care when we engage in this space of self care, we realize there are so many definitions already, a paper published in 2011 identified nearly 140 academic definitions of selfcare oftentimes used interchangeably with self management efficacy and so on. So we knew immediately that we didn't want to invent a new definition. Instead, we were very keen to conceptualize selfcare. And this is the first thing we looked at the self care continuum. It describes the placement of an individual ideally on the left of the continuum where you don't really need some resources, you can go about your life, making your own choices and lifestyle choices. And uh and this is the best place to be. But if you break a leg on a skiing trip, um you would need some analgesics, some nurse support. This will cost of course. And then you hopefully as you recover, you slide back to the left. People with long term conditions are here on the continuum and people who are in trauma or cannot selfcare are on the far right. But that's a very helpful model to conceptualize selfcare. Another really useful model we work with, with the seven pillars of self care framework. It's a very nice and graphic, easy to accessible by Children, young people and pretty much everybody. And it just reminds us selfcare has seven pillars, knowledge has literacy, mentally wellbeing, physical activity, the central pillar of healthy eating risk, avoidance in all its forms, good hygiene practices and in the mobile world even limiting blue light before bedtime, for example, and the rational use of product and services. So you can see it's a very wide space. Healthcare is very cross cutting. And actually, I was very pleased by that. So I moved away from cell biology and molecular biology into something that's really big picture because that is on, on, on everyday life and activities, really interesting framework here. So the, you know, we, we've been translating too many languages. Uh It's on the ISF website and we've asked for more languages to. So hopefully we, we'll end up having 100 the framework other languages. Anybody wants to do any translations, please get in touch. Uh The more the me Thank you. So we also began to think about the enablers of self care, whether it's over the counter medicines, s minerals, events, parks, green spaces, nutritionists, gyms, and of course, the emerging special of life medicine and the big reliance currently on digital and personal health records and, and, and apps and so on. The first thing we did with scar was to consolidate many of the frameworks that we come across. And here we have published Selfcare Matrix which is a unifying framework for self-care. It basically offers a new point of departure of uh for selfcare thinking. Um It looks at the totality of selfcare and says that self-care has four dimensions, the uh person center, selfcare activities, which is seen as the pillars, the self-care behaviors, which operate at the person and social network level. And then the patient center, the dimension of self context. You've seen this as a continuum. And of course, we've got the system focused self environment which is looking at policies well as regulations. That's a really interesting and easy to work with framework that can help people conceptualize the totality of self care from the micro. The number, another really important thing we began to think about is why aren't people self caring enough? There are many hours in which the opportunities to self-care are vast and we normally spend less than an hour professional. Uh But why aren't we self caring often so clearly? Then uh behavior change is very important uh think about and we know that self behavior change modification are a huge area of focus today and also know. So even at our age, getting people to change behaviors once they sit in is actually quite hard. So we look at self care from 5 to 1 on five and at different settings, whether it's the home setting, school settings as you get older and as retire, one of the things we were interested in is the micro learning modality, uh which is how most of us learn these studies, small, not information that build up more knowledge over time. So we published some work on that and we are looking at microlearning for example, to use the social media and someone to determine how we could use that to build individual. I discussed the settings that are important. So we're also doing a lot of work on workplace health and how we can help people made health, you know, choices and behaviors in the work place. So the big picture here is trying to move self-care and the work we do from the head, from theory to practice the practice to make it something that uh that we do as a matter of routine. And of course, we know we can't have a one size fits all. So self-care is really personal. Now, there's this emergency speciality of lifestyle medicine you we heard about. So in the global health, it's relevant, dealing with behaviors, dealing with medicine, it's evidence based interventions. But instead of prescribing pills or surgery, sometimes exercise or behavior, your lifestyle modification, you could basically um tackle the problem. For example, type two diabetics if they manage the exercise well properly and if they uh moderate the eating up care what they consume, they could potentially um they could potentially stop taking their Metformin. But of course, you'd know that you can't prescribe lys Meine to everybody. You need to work with the right type of patients who would respond. Anyway, there's been an explosion and interest of life, Meine European Life me organization and so on. So we're very lucky, very established. Like I said, it was really red out of a meeting that we had a conference in 2017, the wo published the first in and this basically causes explosion in terms of, you know, we had, there appears so many new organizations that are repositioning research. We had the world, we we had the establishment and the public policy on self care. Of course, continue to do great work on this so we can hear you to switch microphone again. Is, is um can you hear me well now is this better? That's so much better. Yeah, sorry again. Sorry again. Thank you. I'm going to share my screen again, right? So if you can hear me now, I hope you can hear me better. So there was an exposure of interest in selfcare generally around the world and a lot of interesting work that's being done now, potentially leading to a double H show resolution on self care in 2025 selfcare continues to be celebrated around the world. We have the selfcare week in November every year in the UK. We got the selfcare week in Europe. Same time, usually an international selfcare day, 24 7, 24th of July. And even now selfcare month which starts from the 24th of June and goes on until the 24th of July. Can you hear me well now? Shall I continue? Yeah, we can. Thank you. Thank you. So, just briefly in terms of global health or you know, pretty much what we're doing and, and how it impacts life. Well, there are many mega trends that we're familiar with. Pharmacies are being repositioned, not just as a place where you go and buy a product or a self technology, but a place where you can actually go and learn about stuff, essentially a hub for knowledge where you can access healthcare services, including for example, point of care tests. Uh and uh you can speak to competent healthcare professionals and potentially use a BP monitor and learn how to use these devices at home. If need be. At the same time, we're seeing this huge trend as you would know of digital health and the pervasive use of smartphones and apps wearables. Of course, we have introduced ad hoc um into humanity essentially, but now they're becoming more mainstream and they're now being used not just as a consumer product but being embedded in, in the NHS and health landscape. So, one of the things we're working on is trying to determine how we can demonize access to selfcare products, services and interventions. You know, whether like I said, the apps, online symptom checkers are really interest wearables and as they become cheaper and more and better. And of course point of care testing in future diagnostics. We did some work a couple of years ago and we continued to do work on the idea of um you know, getting people to stay out of primary care if they want but you know, in the pre primary care space. So by using digital tools and symptom checkers and continuous glucose monitors and online symptom checkers, we can help people make informed decision making. And therefore, um you know, ideally avoid an unnecessary GP appointment. But then we publish some work on that. Currently. Also we have this growing obsession of self quantification. So uh so because of the invasive technology and at the same time, society is transformed, you'd imagine how society transformed when we discovered the seam engine, or when we introduce electricity, and you would have seen probably in your life how society transformed with the internet and digital and smartphones. And now there's this big transformation where again, society is transforming with the pervasive use of A I 3D printing drones. So we think that by 2030 2040 your life would be very different and there will be a nonlinear expansion of possibilities, you know, with the wide use of nanotechnology, book change and the engineering and so on. So we began to develop thought leadership around the emerging concept of self driven health care, which is basically an umbrella term that we introduced with innovate UK to conceptualize aspects of healthcare delivery that can support people and becoming more engaged in their health well being, for example, self care and is technology or leveraging self generated data. And the vision we have is that we will build an infrastructure around the health care. You and I, we could be patients or otherwise so that we could leverage all of these sonos of data that we have and sort of send it into an intraoperative secure portal that could be secure. It has a dashboard review and many functionalities that we can use to live healthy and happier lifestyles. So maybe through a as the clinical coaching and so on, we could become better self carers. The the, the big problem here, of course, we don't want this to be funded by the NHS or owned by Google industry. So we have to find a mechanism to ensure that this portal is sustainable. So you could use it and you can trust it with all of these data because you can imagine that it could go wrong if this data falls into someone else's hand because they'll be giving it so much data. So we published a number of reports and papers looking at this, you're looking at the future healthcare and we are developing a white paper now um to try and see what the future could look like and how we could work together as a consortium to get there. So when we think about the implications of all of this, the global health implications of this, you know, what are the considerations for a super smart society? You know, what type of plumbing does the UK need to be the global leader in self driven health care solutions or self-care solutions? You know what do we need? We have technology, we've got internet. What what do we need? What type of governance? What type of um leadership, what type of funding do we need to work with in infrastructure in order to become a world leader in SDH other considerations to think about is how do we balance the wellbeing of people and communities to ensure they can gain insight from data to improve their lives with the need to protect their privacy and shield them from misuse and abuse of data. As you can imagine if the data we give the portal goes missing or or astray, then it has huge implications for confidentiality, security and, and safety and you know, what is the appropriate equilibrium between propriety and public goods data? And how can we ensure that this port will be mentioned is sustainable and can persist as a public good whilst in you open to s so lot to think about and we're doing some work in that space because self-care is the because measurement is the heart of science. We also began to think about ways of measuring self-care or monitoring self-care and evaluating selfcare ability. I mentioned already the wr guideline that was published in 2019 and refreshed and updated in 2021. So we developed a policy mapping tool to assess the implementation levels of the relation guideline. And we did this in three countries in Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda. And now there's more work done in, in another three countries and um in another country. So that was interesting that was really looking at policy, the control statements and national policies in these countries to determine the extent that some of their local policies map to the framework. And also we became very interested in trying to measure an individual's sanitary capability. Um You know, to what extent are we a good set of career? So to answer that question, we did a scoping review whereby we identified 37 instruments or tools, 38 instruments between N 57 and 2022 that ask questions to patients or people and it and so doing, they can sort of give a value for these selfcare cap individual. You might be familiar with the patient activation measure. That's a good example of a proxy measure for selfcare with PM and PM 13. And we map the extend of each of these tools, ask questions about each of the seven pills of selfcare that I showed you earlier. But this is a very interesting sort of work because now that we know the landscape, we are working in collaboration with that line mix of stakeholders internationally to develop the selfcare capability assessment or tool. So this instrument that we're developing is intended to measure selfcare across the seven pillars. So we need some questions to try and gauge someone's health literacy, uh mental wellbeing, you know physical activity levels, whether they eat healthy and if that's sustained also to understand their risk behavior strategies and uh to learn more about their hygiene practices that they, they practice essentially and the rational use of products or services, you know, to what extent are they able to use over the counter medicines and digital? Um How are they leveraging assets like parks and green spaces and so on? Are they able to navigate the internet and book an appointment with the GP and other not just health stuff? So this is the remit as plan. And we're also adding news psychosocial, for example, if somebody's lonely or feels that they're socially isolated, they may become a and they may not engaging. And they have also we're gonna be asking questions about the digital li because in this modern world that we live in, it's very important to be able to access internet and to be able to engage with apps and digital literacy that is very important. And of course, we want to ask questions around activation and so doing them, we have an instrument that could be used by the self carer to understand the extent that they are able to self care and it will highlight to them on which pills are insurance. So they could want look at interventions to improve their self ability across and also the health and social care um target interventions. So if somebody is an expert self care and they become ill, then perhaps the program managers, the health professionals and give them to more advanced and development. A good example of this is the patient measure which was used in the UK to segment the ation of diabetics uh in, in London, for example, and those with a high activation score type of intervention, whereas those diabetics with a low activation score were given intervention to improve the activation because evidence shows that if you are activated and will not miss appointments, you're more likely to respond on treatment, you more likely to take a medication on time. And so, so, so like I just to wrap up briefing in, there was a huge explosion of um luck that we actually established all of this and more on the slide. So just to highlight just, I didn't mean to end up personally, um I guess you would have seen that I segued from psycho to, to all sort and I didn't agree to have a very clear part. I very fortunate to have been able to collaborate with colleagues that end up with Imperial and to be able to develop a unit and established unit, which to date is the only in the world dedicated to the care. And we're now part of the Coalition United Coalition, which is working together to advance UK strategy next year. And potentially the so we recently began to think about the future in terms of what are the prior risk of. And of course, we're very close to revisit the uh health literacy. How can we work with HEP C or maybe even rename it the standard of care to, to basically signal departure for how people conceptualize care. So potentially working with younger people, Children in school, taking incredible to grave approach, a life approach and develop education, material education, self care, material that people could use through their life. If you're at school, they making some information you be familiar with as you get older, there's more information you provide. When you reach puberty, you start to you. By the way, I learn about the w in it. Talk about the five do now. So when we're much older, uh we do act up again again. No problem. I I'm nearly done. I have one side, I will speak slower. Is that any better? Does that work? I'm going to put my microphone on and hopefully that will solve the problem problem. Is that any better? Yes. Again, magically, it always keeps improving. Yeah, I'm gonna even try another headset. It sounds perfect right now. Still clear. Is that working? Yes, that's what? Great. Thank you. Great. Thank you. So just briefly to finish then we're obviously looking at selfcare, measurement, monitoring evaluation. Uh We looking at policy development, how do you, you know, we heard of the health and all policy approach. Can we have a selfcare and all policy approach? We're working with policy makers to talk about that. What are the barriers and drivers to the widespread adoption of selfcare interventions, loss of work to doing this and behavior change. Of course. And we're also interested to look at newer reimbursement models which could promote selfcare because at the moment, the health systems are usually reimbursed according to activity. But in the future and already it's beginning to happen, uh doctors and health systems will be reimbursed. Um hopefully by results uh which will make a big difference to how we approach healthy wellbeing. I think that's like an ultimate slide. So we established in 17 and in well last month, exactly a month ago, on September, we we hosted the London Self Care Summit. It's had representation, whorc GP, the Self Forum, the International CE A Foundation University of Australia Sydney and and other, the, as I said, the BMJ were there at the Global Selfcare Federation and we all came together and decided that it's important to launch a new infrastructure called the International Academy for Self Care Research, which would then uh invite participation from um research organizations from around the world to refocus some research on selfcare. So to summarize then uh the benefits of selfcare are huge governments and people are taking notice. Technology obviously is a key enabler of selfcare and we're all using it. Lifestyle medicine, lifestyle, behavior modification are huge areas of focus today. And there's this emergent concept of self driven health care. It was exciting with IOT and the future being connected and all that and sustainability that we've discussed. Um it is crucial to address the vast R and D parties, the self care. And it's important to consider the total of selfcare and not just one pillar. So not just healthy eating or he or taking medicine, but actually work with all of the pillars and try to embed these health seeking selfcare behaviors. And of course, a big important question now is how do we democratize access to interventions that we know work and people use to ensure that we don't exacerbate inequalities and that we make self care, everybody's business. So I think that's my talk. I will share these links later if you're interested to look at some of our reports and uh instead of doing work in the future as you do global health or public health or any research, think where is the self-care? All of this? Because self-care is everything. Um And uh please feel free to get in touch, I think. Thank you so much, Doctor Oster. That was wonderful and that was really, really insightful. Thank you so much. Um We'll have our Q and A with the Doctor Lo and Sy um together at the end of the session. Um So now I'd like to introduce our next speaker, so our next speak. Um very welcome Baie Sharif. So Baie Sharif is the chair and director of Student Med London and a trustee for Students for Global Health. He started his global health journey in 2014 with a three month placement in Bangladesh with volunteering, volunteering services overseas. Since then, he worked and completed projects in Kenya Morocco and Sierra Sierra Leone and worked with various organizations such as Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone and S CE P. He's in the final year of his medical degree, having completed his BS E in biomedical sciences with a special interest in global health and MS E in global health and conflict. So, thank you so much for joining us today, Vay and I'll hand over to you now. Thank you very much for that kind introduction, Shazia. You have essentially just given most of my talk for this evening, but let me share my slides. Can you see my slides? All right. Yes, that's perfect. Brilliant. Hello, everyone. So my name is Wafi Sharif. And when I was thinking about how to structure this talk, I was thinking of what I would want to know what I was still a student or at the very beginning of my career regarding how to do things in global health or how to get started. So essentially to do that, I think I need to give you guys some context as to who I am. I'm currently 28 years old. I'm a final year medical student at Saint George's University of London and I'm recently married. I'm not just saying that because I love to brag about the fact that I have a wife who is wonderful. But I believe that context matters in terms of the work that I've already done in terms of global and public health, but also where I see my career going. Um But we'll talk about that a little bit later on. Um across the past 10 years, I've been a volunteer, a team leader, project coordinator. Uh The later half of that acted in the capacity as a mentor. I'm currently the Director of Student Med at London and also the trustee for Students for Global Health. But my work has also given me opportunities to work alongside and with amazing organizations like the who and UNICEF radio, UN FPO and a number of international local NGO SS. So global health. How do you get started? There isn't really such a thing as a global health specialty or global health job. You don't at the age of 18, be like I wanna be a global health doctor and then become an overnight success. Um Global health or public health or development in general tends to be more of a choose your own adventure. If you were at our talks last week or even doctor Oto. Just before me, you'll realize people have drastically different pathways on how to actually how they started. The roles may be having done A phd, may be having done clinical work. And then realizing actually, I think I lean more this way rather than that. So we have a very cute pictures of where I started and where I currently am. So I wanted to take you guys a little bit through the timeline of my global health work. And then we'll talk to some specifics about the projects I've done and things you can get involved in at this stage of your guys' studies or careers. So my very first opportunity to get involved in any kind of global health work was after a moment of failure, I applied to study medicine when I was 18, sadly, didn't get in. But that gave me the opportunity to do wake up here. And at the time I applied for something called I CS International Citizen Service. And it gave me an opportunity to spend three months in Bangladesh, specifically Chittagong and I absolutely loved it. I returned from Bangladesh being like, yes, yes, I still wanna do this clinical medicine thing, but I definitely want to do more of this global health work. I wanna do more work abroad. And when I started uni that September, I was again fortunate enough to bump into a university society called Student for Kids and International Projects. So less than a year after I had returned from Bangladesh, I went on another project this time with a little bit more responsibility and I did a project in Kenya for about two months as the team leader for ske uh apologies. Um I came back from uh my project in Kenya. I'm like, oh, I'm loving this then did a little bit more work with SCP, became the president of the local branch. And I finished my first degree in 2017. At this point, knowing I want to do global health. So my final year that was the focus, my B AC O I then took on additional role within CB, leaving the university branch level and starting to work for SC National. And in about 2018, I was really fortunate while thinking to apply for graduate entry medicine, that I was offered a scholarship at Saint George's to do a master's in global health and conflict. And I took the opportunities during my masters to travel to Sierra Leone to do some maternal health research. Uh where again, met a lot of really cool organizations of people uh came back about in 2019 at this point, having just finished my undergrad, having finished my masters and then started working for VSO in a more professional capacity as the professional volunteer selector. And that's the same year I was nominated for the Impact Award for Health. Um In 2020 I got involved in another organization plegia. Uh That was the same year I went to the World Congress on Public Health. In 2021 I started working on student me at London 2022 I became a trustee for student Global Health. And literally a few weeks ago, I just did the UK model who academy. So essentially, I've been doing this stuff for roughly the past 10 years and bits and Bobs. So I wanted to focus a little bit because I appreciate quite a bit of our audience are currently still in the studies or have just finished the studies. And it can be daunting to see how as a student you can do global health work or you can do anything global health related, especially if you're not doing A BS C in global health or medicine, it might be difficult to think of opportunities to do global or public health. Um And I just wrote down a few examples. Um irregardless of the degree you're doing, you will have opportunities to start working on your global health portfolio. During my undergrad degree opportunities that presented themselves were specific uh student selected components. Um My dissertation, I did a global policy direction for emerging Reemerging diseases. I then turned that into an abstract and presented at a local conference. There are also quite a large number of essay competitions available that you can still write for as long as you're a student. And most of them have a 12 to 18 months window when you've just completed your studies. Um I obviously had a few more opportunities when doing my masters and to supplement the postgraduate degree I was doing and help with my portfolio. I also did a bunch of like global health trainings. There are sites out there where you can get certificates from John Hopkins and us aid and even who themselves has side available where you can train yourself and work on yourself and your knowledge and your skill to just essentially build a little bit of the Global Health portfolio. Um My masters here again, my thesis was on the most essential determinants, infantile Materna health. And I use this as an opportunity to actually travel to se radio meet with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation meet with the dollar and UNICEF offices. And then presented that at the World Congress on Public Health, which was again an amazing experience. And if you are a medical student, there will again be ample opportunities. You will have SS CS or S SPS or whatever they call that at university. And my advice is any essay, any students selected company that you component that you have to do as part of your medical degree turn into an abstract. They're quite a a lot of student focused public and global health conferences out there, but don't limit yourself to that. There are also quite a lot of international global Health conferences and your supervisors are usually kind enough. Um And also lastly for medical students or healthcare students, you are really, really good opportunity to start actually getting some experience about doing work abroad. And all of this is experience you can get while as a student, not involving any external organization, not involving any external societies. Um And we will be sharing some links in the chart about some of the sites where you can potentially get these add additional qualifications and certificates. And here are a few of mine if you look to the bottom left, that was me presenting at the International Congress on undergraduate research. And that was specifically on my audit on HIV partner notifications during the pandemic. Um It was a really good opportunity. I got to work on my speaking skills. Uh I met a lot of really cool and interesting people. Um Another thing I've had an opportunity to while a student was take part in the British Council's Future Leader event. It's still an annual thing and they provided some training that's about leading through policy making and ideas for making the world a better place. Uh And if you look at the top, right, this is an example of a certificate from the Global Health Center. They have quite a large number of certificate courses that cover everything from global health governance to impact evaluation and health communications. And these are essentially online short courses that you can do in your own time to aid, develop your own knowledge, but also add a few certificates to your portfolio. So when you apply to global health roles and jobs, you are a little more, more competitive. So now I wanna talk a little bit about the organizations I've been involved in and some of the work that they do, I'll be going into a little bit more detail about S CE P and VSO later on. So I will start with um do the World Health feat. The World Public Health Federation Association has a young professional arm. It's called the young World Federation of Public Health Association. And it's a lot of young public health professionals. We're interested in global health, we're interested in policy making. We have a whatsapp group, there's an Instagram page. So if that's something you're interested in, it's something I think is it for people between the ages of 18 to 40? Um The word young as a range, but it's a really good opportunity to find and people who are already doing public health work, who are at the beginning of their careers, who you can talk to, who you can have as potential mentors and peers. And in general, it's like a very positive network. Uh We'll share a link to their website, but they also have Instagram and Twitter slash X. Another opportunity to maybe widen your horizons a little bit are things like the global Health mentorship network. They're essentially an annual mentorship network that you can apply to. And again, it mostly targets young professional if you're a student and you maybe already have some global health experience, I wouldn't advise against applying for it. But essentially they provide you with a mentor who's already doing work in global health and public health. And across the year, you might do a project to together there essentially there for anything like career advice, how to get started, maybe you wanna enrich your own skill set or knowledge. Um And again, it's very useful to have something I found in my last 10 or so years doing. This type of work is when it comes to actual global health work, you're more likely to get jobs while already doing global health work who you know, is actually makes a huge difference And already being out there on a project makes a difference. Another recommendation I have for you guys is the UK model who they have an academy, the 2023 1 I believe, just finished a few weeks ago. But again, it's a brilliant opportunity. It's a brilliant experience. It's set about, I think a couple of seminars around three months, you will have opportunities to choose a country who you'll be the delegate for. And it essentially gives you the opportunity and the skill set to actually attend a model who, but also the other people attending are actually from across the world and they tend to be delegates for those countries and you'll have students who are currently doing their phd S people who just graduated and doing public health work. Um I added everyone who was on my group on linkedin and we still talk and again, really good experiences. But outside of this, there are a lot of student societies if you are still a student and you aren't a young professional at the beginning of your career and you want to get involved and stuff. There are things like students for global Health. I personally am not a member of a student for Global Health Branch since I sit on the board of trustees. But quite a large number of universities do have a students for Global Health Branch, especially if you're based at a London uni and they do quite a lot of work and like session related to global health. But I'd recommend not limiting yourself to your branches. Students for global health. Since the wider national charities is also connected to in S A which is the International Federation of Medical School Association, Middle Students Association. And you can get opportunities if you're a member of students for Global Health uh to attend the international conferences as a UK delegate. And that's not limited to just your branch work. There are opportunities to get involved in workshops and advocacy with the wider students for Global Health Charity. Um And lastly, I just wanted to mention Polier and skip uh student for Kin International project. I'll talk about briefly and poli is essentially a global health research think tank. It's not UK specific, but they will have quite a few branches in the UK. I know there's a London branch, but they also have branches across the world in Africa, the US and Asia. And if you don't really have much experience in research and it's something you wanna think about doing, I recommend um signing up to as a researcher. If you have a little more experience, you can apply to be either an editor or be one of the leads. So as a student or as a young professional, these are just some of the organizations I've previously worked with or currently work with, which I would recommend to essentially get things started. So I wanna talk a little bit about the organizations I've had more experience with. So, vs or volunteering services overseas is an organization I first worked with back in 2014. Um There were one of the first volunteering organizations in the UK, founded in 1958 and then international Development Charity. They essentially recruit professionals to work as volunteers. And the projects are usually between 18 months to two years and you tend to live and work abroad and it tends to be in developing populations. Um You usually don't get a huge salary but you do get a step when you're doing the work abroad. And the step usually covers the annual salary of someone working in that country, which means you live quite comfortably there. You'll be set in the community. And my three months there were amazing while I was in Bangladesh, I was working with Lebo Nay Sanha, which was a local NGO students from the University of Dhaka and the E A youth club. So what was I doing in Bangladesh? Uh We were working mostly on 3 to 4 projects. We were working on projects related to water and sanitation, hygiene, primary health care, nutrition and in general women and female empowerment. We were there for about three months, which is a lot of time, but we were very lucky that there was a project that had gone ahead of us in the previous months. And they had done a lot of the initial data collection talking to the local villagers, talk to the women councils and elder councils and just collected data in terms of how many houses were there, what were their needs? What interventions did they need? So when we arrived, we actually had a lot of data to work with. And one of the first few things we did was again meet with the Women's Council and the other councils and to ensure sustainability and continuity. We had were we work with the E to Youth Club which was essentially a student organization set in the village. We're working in our interventions were mostly educational. They're mostly involved uh funding the installations of tube bos latrines and safety water tanks and then having specific health camps, dropping clinics and days. Uh VSO was amazing. Back then, the I CS budget sadly was slashed when IIS funding went below 0.7%. So it doesn't exist anymore. Uh But there's still opportunities to work with Avis O. We were given a budget and it was a really good opportunity for me to actually learn about global health on the ground. It gave me an experience to write uh protocols for projects, do evaluation afterwards, actually try to finance them and see how the funding of these projects work. And it was an amazing experience. I still have quite a few friends in Bangladesh. Um and specifically Chittagong, and this was essentially my first experience actually doing global health work. And this was when I was 18 without all the knowledge or skills that I have now. Yeah, a few pictures of me giving a session on climate change. Um I think as a world, we are hopefully slightly more aware. Now, this is me with the whole working our on our garden program. These are a few pictures of water sanitation hygiene day at the local school and our health day. Uh and these are a few pictures of the installation of our safety water tank. I think this specific tank was providing water for about 40 family families. Chittagong is actually quite hilly so tube wells don't really work that well in elevated regions. So that was actually really needed. But I love my experience there. I loved living there. And as I said, it was my first experience actually doing global health work. Now, when I came back, that experience opened quite a lot of doors because while I was in Bangladesh, I got to meet the Bangladesh Youth Parliament, I got to do some work with UN FP A and when I came back, I continued working with VSO. Initially, that was in the capacity of a VSO speaker which involved me speaking to potential donors and sponsors about the work we're doing and why they should sponsor us. It gave me opportunities to attend events. Um I attended the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation making the case for global health back in, I believe 2019 when gay was kind of running out and they were speaking to governments about re upping their commitments. I became a professional volunteer selector uh for VSO the role, essentially interview interviewing professionals. So that's either healthcare workers, teachers, people who work in finance, mental health, who want to volunteer abroad. And my job was essentially to interview them and assess if there were like decent candidates to be let on some of our projects. And it also gave me opportunities to speak on panels um alongside public health doctors or filmmakers professional. But essentially two months I spent in Bangladesh allowed me to come back and actually open so many doors. Um And this is just, I quickly went to the VSO website to see what kind of jobs they currently have available. And the deadlines these essentially get updated every few weeks. And as you can see rules aren't specific to being a public health doctor or a consultant surgeon. Um And again, they are constantly updated from all across the world. So if you have graduated recently. And you want to do some of this work, I recommend just going to the website, keeping an eye on it. You can also fill out the application form and what work you're interested in doing. And if we find a role that's suitable for you need will then let you know and let you go through an interview process. So a student for K an international project, this is the first organization that I work with after I came back from Bangladesh. And I had my first project with them in Kenya as a team leader. So this was the first time I was actually responsible for other volunteers. I was responsible for making sure that interventions on the ground work was responsible, making sure we evaluated the data we had and again, absolutely loved it. I was in Kenya for about two months and this project involved again, uh education, food and sanitation, hygiene, sexual health education, uh education, malaria, and a few tropical diseases and project moei, which was about the skill to make reusable sanitary pots especially for young women. Um I could give a whole other talk about the impact. Uh a first menstruation can have on young women in that region in terms of their education and the future prospects. But that's a talk for another day. And I became the president of the Saint George's branch of Student Kids International Project after I came back from Kenya. And that gave me a whole other set of skills which involved how to write an mou how to start a new project with a brand new international organization, how to actually write a set of interventions that are focused on education, improved livelihoods. All of these to be honest are skills which later on in life I still use and which I use to actually create student Me London. Uh Here a few pictures. This is us with our host family. I believe this is in Kenya with my team. Um And I think this is a picture of me in Morocco and one of the NGO S we are talking with about potentially setting up a collaboration with our local branch. So again, after my time on skip at the branch university level, um I got to host, I got the opportunity to host a skip big weekend, which was essentially kind of an annual Global half conference. We did. My team won a few awards after I left the branch level, I became a mentor role, usually focused for uh ex C members who at the time were either doctors or young professionals and were responsible for a branch between 3 to 5 years. I then went from that role to becoming the National mental Lead where I became responsible for the mentors themselves, which again was a very interesting role because it also involved getting quite a lot of emails from doctors about to start their specialty training and realize they didn't have any evidence of this leadership role, the heart. We didn't skip. I will just briefly run through this. Um When it comes to research and academia, I think it's an essential element of global and public health work irregardless. If you wanna work for MS F or if you just want to be a surgeon, there will be opportunities to do research and academia and I highly recommend it any work you do any SSC essay dissertation, I recommend turning that into an abstract and trying to attend a conference because conferences are really really good environment to meet people who are ahead of you in your careers. They're really good opportunities to network. I recommend talking to everyone there like finding them on linkedin afterwards. If you're interested in the work that we're doing, just send them an email, the worst thing they can do is not reply, but make sure you present your research when you do talks and presentations, ask for feedback. And if there's something you're interested with, ask to collaborate and get involved. And these are essentially just a picture of me co chairing the Maternal Health session at the World Congress on Public Health, which happened in Italy earlier this year. Now a few more organizations. So these organizations I'm not directly involved in. But again, I highly recommend reaching out to the who has a paid internship program that doesn't have a specific deadline since it's essentially an annual rolling basis a link for this will be posted in the chat. You'll be, you can only enroll if you're currently enrolled on a program or if you have recently graduated. I think the limit is 18 months. Other, the student societies you can get involved in are universities allied for essential medicine, Global Brigades or friends of MS F. If you've already started working, you're not student anymore. Both partners in health and the King's Global Health Partnership have a few voluntary opportunities to do some work in the countries they work in. Now, I've talked to you guys about what I've done so far. Some of my experiences, some of my recommendations. But I'm currently still a finally a medical student and I'm very excited and I want to do global health work, but I know how I want to do global health work. I'm definitely interested in public health and policy making, but I also wanna do a work abroad, especially in Asia and sub-saharan Africa. But because I recently got married and I know I want to have Children. I appreciate their limitations on my time and how much time I can spend abroad. So these are some of the few things I want to do in the near future. One of them is a Global Health Fellowship which is sadly specific to doctors, the new dual accredited public health and General Practice training program and a diploma in tropical medicine and a master's in public health. So the Global Health Fellowship is available to doctors. It's currently only available to three specialties and it will allow you to do 4 to 6 months in a lower resource setting. Uh places that can happen, it's Kenya Malawi sur South Africa, Uganda and Zambia. But essential, you have opportunities to create a project. So currently to do the Global Health Fellowship, while you're in training, you have to be either doing general practice pediatrics or A CCS. But it's a really good opportunity for someone who wants to do clinical work, but wants to get some global health experience while they're training to get that global health experience. And if you go to is, is it NHS England, our website, you can read a little bit more about this and some of the opportunities is available. I personally am planning on doing the Global Health Fellowship. You tend to apply in the first year of your specialty and you tend to do if you're a GP leave between SD two or ST three, if you're doing other specialties. Now, this is a brand new training program that is being tried for the first time this year. I know I wanted to specialize in public health. But since I'm doing a medical degree, if I specialize in public health, straight outside of my foundation training, it will essentially be the end of my clinical career. I know quite a lot of few doctors who debate if they will leave clinical work completely bit behind to do public health work. But since I wanna do both, this is the perfect specialty for me. Since the general practice specialties will allow me to keep my clinical skills fresh. But public health is actually what I wanna do and will also allow me to do more work in global health. The training program is about seven years. I think it's now up on the both the Royal College of General Practice and the Faculty of Public Health web page. If you want to find out a little bit more about this training program, in terms of getting into it, you essentially need to be good enough to make both the public health training and the general practice training to actually get into the specialty. If you're a non medic public health is also one of the few specialties where you don't have to be a medic to get into the training program, but you need to have had some public health training before. And lastly, another thing I'm going to be doing in the future is a diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene. This is only specifically open to people with medical qualification if you don't have a background in global health or a master's in global health, but you're planning on going abroad or you just want to keep your skills fresh. It's an intensive three month program that covers everything from tropical medicine to public health and it essentially gives you the skill set to be effective abroad. It's available to a few places, but I usually recommend the London School of Hygiene of Tropical Medicine and the Liverpool School of Hygiene, tropical medicine as some of the better programs out there where you can get the training. So I've talked for quite a bit now. Um But I just want to let you guys know about this isn't for students if you've already started working and you are an early career professional or in you're F one F two and you're planning on doing it or you're looking for opportunities to do your job abroad. These are the opportunities or websites where you can find jobs. So I recommend charity jobs UK, I recommend Bond UK. Um And these are just a quick Google search. This is from partners in health, the type of jobs you're currently looking for for an ehealth officer, an emergency nurse specialist, a biomed manager, irrespective of what your degree of background is. There are global and public health opportunities abroad. Um And that brings me to the end of my talk, my general tips and recommendation, use your social media, especially linkedin. It gives you an opportunity to proactively seek out mentors and opportunities, failures and rejections are very common. I have had a lot of roles and for every role I've gotten, I've had another three rejections. Just prepare yourself if you want to do public or global health work. It's a complex pathway. It's there isn't, as I mentioned earlier, a singular global health specialty or global health job. If you're still a student, take advantage of that. Take advantage of students for global health friends, for MS F Global Health Brigades try to get a year abroad either as part of your elective or SAE in industry. If you are currently a foundation doctor, consider an F three abroad um and consider other volunteer roles and in general make sure to keep work on your portfolio, attend workshop and talks like this, uh complete the certificate programs I mentioned and talked about. But yeah, I hope you guys have found this session useful and I look forward to your questions later. Um Thank you so much, Matthew. That was really, really interesting and we really enjoyed um hearing from you. Um We'd like to open up the floors for A Q and A now with um Mathy and doctor, Doctor Lo if you're still there. Um We'd love to have you join us for the Q and A. Um So for inter you will all get an official feedback form for this talk later. But as I mentioned earlier, as part of my portfolio, I tend to ask for personal feedback after every talk and presentation which I will post in the chat, you don't have to fill it out, but I'd appreciate it if you guys did apologies for interrupting chai. No, yes, it would be. I'm sure it would be great to have some personal feedback as well. Um Yes. So we'll start with some questions. Um Yes, as I mentioned earlier, doctor I lost. If you're still there, we'd love to have you join us for the Q and A. Um So one of our first questions is um I think primarily for va but we'd love to hear Doctor Lester's thoughts on it as well that do your research projects, for example, your SS ES have to be published in order to turn them into abstracts for submission, not at all. Um I think especially for medical students, there tends to be this idea that things need to be published to count and that tends to lead to very, very poor research from medical students and both doctors, all you need to present things like your SSC or dissertation or work that you've done is you need to be able to turn it into an abstract. And that's essentially what's the background of the work that you did? What were you looking into? What were your results? And then you send that to conferences. I my recommendation usually would be send it to the highest conference you can possibly do. So send your abstract to the International or World Conference of whatever you're interested in. If it gets rejected to that, then send it to a national conference. If it gets rejected to that, then send it to. But it does have you can present your work at the local conference and then work on it further to potentially get a publication in the future. But a publication is your, isn't your main focus as a student, your main focus as a student should be turning the work you've done into a good, strong abstract. So you can get opportunity to present it as a conference somewhere. Thank you so much, Mat um Doctor lost any thoughts to add to that apologize. I was having issues with the microphone. Would you mind? Um So the question was related to um research, so to have research projects especially for students to have them published. Um Do they have, do projects have to be published in order to turn them into abstract for submission at conferences? I not, I think in this modern day and age, I think having talking about what you're doing on Twitter on linkedin uh pretty much disseminating far and wide and infographic. Of course, getting an abstract at a conference is great. Um getting stuff published is ideal but there are so many parts. I think it's, it's not a, it's not cut and dry. So um when you are collaborating with people, they will have, I mean, you really go do something on your own, right? It's usually collaboration and and you could reach out to the to the team leaders there and ask them what is the best way to get this out and, and as you develop your skills and reputation it would be good to capture stuff on a curriculum vita I I'm veering of course, but there's a confusion between resume and a curriculum vita. So anything meaningful that you do try to keep a record of it so you can retain and yeah, and I think thank you just, just to comment from me for saving the day. I think my talk was a little bit out of scope given what you've said. and thank you for rounding up and, and, and telling everyone exactly how they could actually engage in a care of global health. Thank you both. Mhm. Um Thank you so much, Doctor Last. Um we've got another question that I think is primarily um geared towards you, but again, we'd love to hear Bay's thoughts as well after. So the question is you spoke about how increased access to data and wearable technology could empower people to develop better self care practices. How will we balance the issue of individuals over diagnosing and over kind of pathologize and the anxiety caused by all this with the potential benefits of technology? Very good question. And I think as a contemporary issue, I don't think there's, there's a one size fits all solution to this. Um There will always be people who are very concerned about their health and you can always have triage aspects for online symptom checkers or wearables or so on that, that that may misfire and you may think that you have a heart attack when, in fact, it, it's, it's not much and when you use decision support, tools and data governance and, and, and logic says it's, it's important to be risk avert. So it's always good to suggest a higher triage category than the normal. But to answer the question specifically, um I don't think there's a, there's a uh if you could repeat that question, I think I'd like to answer it more, more carefully, please. What was the question again? Yeah. Yeah, of course. So the question was um how increased access to data and wearable technology could empower people to develop better self care practices. But at the same time, the balance of over diagnosing and pathologize the and anxiety caused by the benefits. Sure, I think this is a skill that people have to learn as they, as technology gets better and wearables and technologies become more sensitive and, and, and uh and uh and give good recommendations that are congruent. Um You have the example, an incidental findings in primary care whereby somebody may be complaining of something and they do do a scan and then they may find something and the patient and the NHS can get quite involved for no reason. So I think it also depends on the type of people or patient you're dealing with. I think um what's happening now, you've got people from a very young age engaging with technology and they will find their way and I think they'll become hopefully better expert, self carers than we are or especially I am because I'm much older than you are. So, um it's very easy to imagine a future where we have access to our personal health record. So we're very familiar with our BP and uh sort of uh how often, you know, how many steps we walk and, and, and we could use this um in this retrospect to be more aware of our vital signs and have the wellbeing needs. There are mood boards that people are beginning to use now to try to understand patterns of how, how their mood changes. And I think it's using that um over time that will allow people to uh use these products and data more rationally. I think, OK, that makes a lot of sense. Um Another question, um I think again, kind of geared towards both of you is the idea of doctor lost. Your talk was very much focused around it. Kind of the idea of um prevention is better than cure and how public health systems can do so much. And I think exactly as well, you've worked abroad so much and you've seen it from the perspective of a medical student and someone who's not a medical student as well. How do you think that the idea of prophylactic or preventative medicine is being given enough emphasis in the NHS at the moment? And how do you see the future of that? Kind of going in the, going forward, I think. Do you want to answer that? And I follow or vice versa? Um I'm happy to start. I think it's important to understand what we mean by prophylactic slash preventative medicine. In my head. I delineated too. And I'm a huge fan of preventative medicine when you talk about prophylactic medicine. What I'm imagining is the overuse of antibiotics both here and abroad, the risk of antimicrobial resistance and just the general problem with over medicalization, which I think is an issue specifically here in the West. But it's also a problem in lower income countries where then there's an issue with the quality of the medication they're getting and where they're getting it from. Um when we're talking about preventative medicine and taking steps to have early interventions and things like the sugar tax that we introduced in the UK the frameworks and the for tobacco control, if we're talking about preventative medicine, in that sense, I think that's very effective. And I feel like in the late nineties, early two thousands, when I was a kid when I was growing up, there was a lot of it that was going on, that was pushed by both the who and national government. And it seems that it's lost a little bit of focus in the work I've done in the past, especially in low income countries to cater to the focus of just medicalized, medicalized, medicalized. Uh and, and absolutely very good delineation here of Norman flesher is very important. When we talk about this, I think, you know, the idea of, you know, the predictive preventive uh personalized participatory medicine that also is, is another aspect I think when it comes to self care is, you know, how can we use selfcare to prevent delay or alter the trajectory of disease. So, you know, ideally, we prevent it from happening in the first place, especially the modifiable NC DS. And, and I think lifestyle behavior modifications are going to be key. And that's why working with people from a young age is important for people like us at our age. Um We um you know, we indulge in hot chocolate and all sorts and it's important to make sure that how can we delay the appearance of, you know, aging and 10 s are inevitable, but you know, what can we do in middle age? And of course, people who have long term conditions, how can you use health care technology to, to, to become more empowered and take ownership and you know, you may be able to reverse type two diabetes, for example, but there are some long term conditions that will stay with you forever. So I think uh what happened uh maybe 300 years ago, there was an over reliance on pharmaceuticals and surgery, you know, for a time at memorial, we self care, right? And now prevention is better than whatever uh of whatever of, of cure. So, but now I think there's generally in society with the birth of the Bismarck State and the Welfare State, there's this reliance, you know, we've got sophisticated medicine. I need support, help, you know, I pay my taxes, but there's that sort of whole narrative of ownership empowerment. If you ask people in the west, what self-care is about and why they want to self care to say, I want to self care about independent happy life. I want to do the things I want to do. But if you ask somebody in the east, it's because I want to self care to become a burden on my family. So the whole concept in context of prevention and self care and empowerment is really part of the culture and you know, the narrative. So it would be interesting to put the finger on the pulse of people in the UK and elsewhere to determine where, where, what is, what is self care to them? Uh How can that be le to prevent and de and also of disease? Thank you. Um Thank you both so much. I think that's all the time we have for questions. But um thank you both so much. It's been a really interesting um back and forth and kind of panel of um questions. So that was really, really interesting. Thank you both so much. Thank you for giving up your time. Thank you. Thank you. I think my talk was off peace, but I hope you guys enjoyed it and uh thank you both for involving me and it's been a pleasure to connect with you. Thank you both so much. We really, really appreciate it. Thank you. I believe my apologies. I think I might have overrun a little, but thank you for organizing Chaia. Thank you both so much. Um We'll now be playing a short um go help quiz and doctor lost. Please do feel free to join in if you'd like to. I will thank you. Um So it's very similar to last week. We'll be um I'll just started. So for anyone who wasn't here last week, we're playing a quick question, um, quick quiz of just 10 questions on the ca hot app. So you don't need the app if you don't have it, I'll be sharing my screen in a moment with uh um the QR code that should let us join. Ok. 10, great. I hope everyone can see that. So as last week, um if everyone can join the quiz and if you were here last week, please make sure to use the same username so we can track points and um the player with the highest points at the end of the three weeks, um will win a 25 lb um, Amazon voucher. And that does not mean if you weren't here last week, you shouldn't play because if you do very well today, you could easily out beat someone who was there last week. Um So, yeah, we'll just give it a couple of minutes for everyone to join and then we'll get started. It's only a quick 10 question. So I shouldn't very long at all. And it's, they're interesting questions on the topic of global health and sustainability. So, recommend anyone who's still here. Have a go and play, learn something and put yourself in the chance to win an Amazon voucher. I'm not playing to win, but I'll, I'll, I'll be playing to understand that. And if I do succeed, which is unlikely to win, I'll offer my voucher to whoever is second place, but I don't think I'll even make it anywhere near that. Thank you. That's very kind of you doctor lost. Thank you. As I mentioned, if you did happen to be here last week, please do make sure to use them. Um username, we'll just give it another and then we'll get started. Ok? I think we'll get started now. But um if anyone hasn't had the chance to join yet, the barcode will still be on the screen as we start the game. You can join that. Shai I believe we might have covered this question on our recent Instagram Learn It Me series and you're also on mute. OK. Thank you so much. Um Oh, wonderful. And that anyone who knew it from there would um be able to know the right answer. So our right answer is 10.7%. Interestingly, um that's 792 million people with 3.4% of the whole population estimated to have depression 3.8 in anxiety disorder and 13% any kind of substance use disorder. Great. And we can see our lead both moving on to our second question, what percentage of the population in the UK are vegetarian? Um That's 9% 14% 2% and 12%. Um The time goes quite quick. So answer as soon as you can. Great. And the correct answer is 9% with 3% also being vegan. Um of all countries, India has the largest vegetarian population in the world with 39% of its population not consuming meat. Studies have also shown that vegetarian or vegan diet significantly decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, diabetes, obesity and being a more sustainable dietary option as well. Next question, which of the following countries is polio still not eliminated from options. Are Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan and Mexico? Great. So our answer is um Bangladesh, in addition to Bangladesh, um Polio's endemic in Afghanistan and Nigeria, which is only three remaining countries. And after the um conception of the global polio eradication initiative, there's a 99.99% in polio cases from 1988 to 2016. Our next question is, what is the natural or expected sex, sex ratio at birth to the number of girls to number of boy born options are 100 to 105 100 113 100 to 99 and 100 to 95. And that's girls to boys. Great. And the 100 is 100 to 105 which is unlike the expected answer, which would possibly be 100 to 100. And that's his biological reason and accounts for an increase in the of a miscarriage for female embryos re resulting in a more male biased um sex of bit. Um And next question is, what is the current me Gload in age options are 29.6 41.12 0.4 and 50. Ok. And the Anth is 29.6. Um I think there's some interesting information related to this one. So I'll just really quickly tell everyone. So that's that 29 point increase from 21.5 in 1970. Currently, 26% of our population is less than 14 and only 8% is over 65. Japan has the highest median age in the world at 46.3. And *** has the lowest at 14.9 and a lower median age is strongly correlated to a low income, high fertility rate and high population growth rate. Um Next question, how many of the 195 countries of the world have? 50% of their population covered by health insurance in 2021. And the answer is 52. So 52 out of 295 countries have their health covered by health insurance. A new universal health program, all countries classed as high income with virtually full health insurance coverage except for as we probably will expect the US with the coverage of only 85%. Some low income countries including Gambia, Rwanda and Vina, all have a higher health protection coverage than the US in total, which might not be completely unexpected to most of us. Next question, how, what, how much has the percent of GDP? Britain spends on the NHS increased since its conception in 1948 to 2012? Great. And our correct answer is 5.25 0.26. Um This is because in when it was received, the UK spent 3.5% of its GDP in 1948 and in 2012, 8.76. Interestingly, by 1995 the US had already spent a greater share of its GDP on healthcare than the UK. Despite not having a National Health Service themselves. How many fewer people died from HIV or A I DS in 2017? As compared to 2006 answers are approximately 1 million, 995 800,000 and um 1 million 0.1 0.2 million. Great. And the answer is 995,000. Um This represents an almost 50% decrease. From 2006, which is wonderful. However, globally, 1.7% of all deaths are still caused by HIV or A ID SS in 2017. And this percentage is unfortunately still, 28% of all deaths in South Africa and Botswana are still caused by HIV or A I DS today. Great. Moving on, what percent of African countries have vaccinated to a vaccinated, 40% of their population against SARS COVID-19 as of 2022. Great. And our correct answer is 7% which is represents four out of all 5 54 countries. And that's particularly worrying when to Asia where 78% are on track or already have. And in Europe we only three out of 44 countries have it. And the very last question, number of deaths of Children under five per year change since 9 1990. Great. And our answer is a decrease in 8.2 million deaths, which is wonderful. Um However, child mortality in Sub Saharan Africa still at 10%. And we're far away from reaching our un sustainable development goal for 2030. Um The leading cause of child mortality is still lower respiratory tract infections and then that's followed by preterm birth complications and diur it. So congratulations to our um winners. I would recommend that if you play today, do remember your um username. So you can play next week with the same username as well and be in for a chance to win our um Amazon voucher just a few things to finish up with. Um So please do join us next week at the exact same time where we'll be hearing from Doctor Richard PDA and Doctor Carwyn Hooper, who um will hopefully be able to provide the same amount. The wonderful talk that we heard from Fay and Doctor Elo today. Thank you so much to both of you again. We really enjoyed it and you can sign up using the QR code on the screen. It will also be on our Instagram and all the social media as well is distributed on what Snapchat of the different London units. Um Please just stay in touch so you can check out our website, you can sign up to our newsletter, follow us on social media. Also, please fill in the feedback form with that QR code in the middle to receive your certificate of attendance. This will also be emailed to all attendees later and you can also find it on the med or platform as well. Um If you know of anyone who was not able to attend today's talk, if you were not able to attend last week or if you just like to rewatch, um all recordings will be available on the same page where you signed up by tomorrow and that will be the same for next week's talk as well. But of course, it's great to see everyone um live. So you can ask questions that you would like to ask. But thank you again so much to everyone for attending. Um and we look forward to seeing you next week at our final talking. And thank you so much again to and doctor. I, we really appreciate both of you giving your time. Thank you so much. Everyone, please do put any questions that you might have for us in the chat below as well.