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Ok, good evening. Everyone. Can someone please let me know if you can hear me in the chat? Just cos last time we had some issues and I started rambling and no one could hear me. So if someone just wants to put a thumbs off in the chat and then we can start away. Perfect. Ok. Uh Good evening. Um, welcome back if you've come to our previous two or welcome. This is your first time. My name's Til and, and this is our third course where we will be going over the S FP interview. Good evening. My name is Angus and I'm studying in Newcastle and yeah, just a quick disclaimer which we've been the other sessions, but obviously we can give generic advice but nothing specific about the DNA party. Yeah. Er, and so I briefly said, but my name's Tilly and I'm doing ASF P in Brighton. So the Kss and Wessex Scenery. Um, and yeah, so we can't give you exact information. So, um, I'm not sure if you guys would have already heard about interviews, but if so, congratulations, if not, good luck. Um, so just first of all, we'll go through the interview structure. So they're gonna be online often Microsoft teams. So just kind of get familiar with the software and there'll be a Regi registration identity check prior to starting the interview. So make sure you have your um ID and just to expect that the questions will be a mix of clinical academic and personal questions. So the clinical questions will go into more detail, but there'll be kind of an eight E scenario at an F one level of knowledge and the academic questions will be maybe critical appraisal research types and then the personal questions might be what you've done, kind of the white space questions sort of style. So there'll be a panel of 2 to 3 interviewers and they will last around 20 minutes. Um And each Deary will have specific guidelines for the interview and they usually send you an email with all the information about the structure. Just be wary. They, you may have to wait around a bit so often the interviews are delayed. So you might be sitting awkwardly on Microsoft teams for a while. So just be prepared for that. Um So answering questions, so it's kind of just answering the white space questions but in and verbally. So remember to use point evidence and explain uh kind of use some buzzwords. So if you look at the Deanery perspectives, often kind of follow um what they want you to say, break this question down into sections. So sometimes you may get a question and be like, how do I even answer that? So kind of using these approaches here. So the star approach. So situation task uh then you have your action, your result and your reflection. So this will apply to some questions which we can go into later and then there's the camp approach. So let's say that would be kind of why do you think you'd be good for the S FP? So you talk about clinically why you'd be good um academically, why you'd be good? Um Management and leadership, why you like kind of what you would be good at and personal. Um and personal, we would say, like, just remember to give something specific to you because these interviewers are hearing probably the same similar answers all day long. Um So I would recommend kind of what I did is I kind of looked at kind of typical questions they'd ask and I'd put some bullet points on like a massive word document. Obviously, I think don't just revise a like a paragraph to say, cos that will sound a bit um kind of rehearsed. Also, they'll tend to be like one big question. But then the interviewers may ask you kind of smaller questions about that big question. So I think generally when answering the questions, remember to link it back to the S FP because great, you've done all this research. But why does this make you good for the S FP. So remember to kind of have a structured answer. Um Let me go to the next slide, sorry, it's taking a bit of time. So the personal sta station kind of like I said before, very similar to the whitespace questions. And they're always gonna ask you why do you want to do the S FP? So remember to um uh have a good answer for that and kind of, I would link it back to kind of clinical academic management and personal. So for personal, for example, when I was doing for K SSI was like, well, I wanted to be close to London, near my family, but not too close. And I really like going on long walks and the South Downs is would be really close if I was in KSS and the start structure would be kind of for skills based questions. So let's say you had, why tell me about one time you were a leader. So you can say your leadership role, but then kind of give a specific example when it was really difficult, the action you took and then reflect on that and link how it would be really good for the S FP. So I think reflection is really, really important because um they want to know that you kind of how your skills link back to the S FP. And I would research um the deary and the program so often for KSS, for example, they had a link the list of the jobs, uh and the kind of the, the professors who would be looking after each project and I would really, um kind of look them up and kind of name drop certain things I know for cos KSS was like, set research blocks. So I kind of had decided in my one, I was gonna go down the route of talking about hematology or oncology. Cos that's something I was interested in. And even if I didn't get that one, but II did get a hematology one, but even I didn't get that one, it doesn't matter, it just shows that you're actually looked into the Deanery. Whereas Angus, um he can talk about what he did before his interview. Yeah. So in Newcastle, it's slightly different in the sense that you had a bit more freedom to choose your projects. Um So again, it was important to sort of decide on the specialty that you're interested in and show a niche interest. I think it just reflects that you are generally in research and you're not just doing it for your CV. So what that meant? And I think we've gone over it in the previous sessions, but for the benefit of those who weren't in those is you can approach a supervisor beforehand where that's just uh emailing the foundation lead and asking for a useful contact for your specialty and potentially starting to sort of pencil in a potential project you can do and that just shows that you've sort of gone the extra mile. Yeah, exactly. And even if you don't end up going, like, you, you can still, it would still be useful to kind of link up with someone who can help you do a project anyway. It wasn't really as relevant for me because the deanery had kind of like set projects and I think it wouldn't be necessarily appropriate to, to kind of approach the supervisors until I had got the job. Um And so sort of other questions they can ask. So we'll go over the book that kind of comes up with lots of um sort of questions they ask, but they might ask like, where do you see yourself in five years, 5 to 10 years time. And so it's really important to know about the academic pathway, which I think we've got a slide on. Um And I think just, yeah, remember to look into Deanery specific things because they're gonna be hearing probably the same answers all day and you want to be unique. So let me go to the next slide. Yeah. So the, the next next main domain that will cover is academic. Um There will definitely be some form of questions on academic obviously because it's sort of the main interest of the SP um And it's probably the one which I think generates the most panic around it mainly just because there's a lot of jargon, there's a lot of terms that you might not be familiar with and we will go through some of this in detail. But uh I think I would signpost you to that this book on the slide there, which is really useful and it just breaks down all that sort of difficult terminology into easy, understandable er, definitions. And I found that really useful going into the interview cos it just meant you had a sort of broad understanding. Um They're, they're not expecting you to be experts and it, it would be impossible for, for medical students to, you know, be experts in every part of academic, like statistics and methodology. But it's just showing that you've done a bit of work and you have a broad understanding in academics. So the, the form that the question can take varies between the deaneries. Um So some, and it's worth checking on d websites of course, or they'll tell you once you've got the interview, some will give you an abstract to an article before the interview or they'll give it to you 10 minutes uh before the interview when, when you're, uh you know, on the interview day and they'll ask you to critically appraise it. So that's one thing we can take, um some will ask them more sort of open questions. So um talk to us about a recent article you've read and critically appraise it for us. And that means that, you know, it gives you the option to choose an article that you're interested in. Um, or, or it might be even broader still than just ask you about your previous research. Um So I think it's, it's important to cover all of these bases. So definitely do some reading beforehand, just, you know, read through the BM or some of the main um, main journals in articles that interest you just so you have that sort of awareness and again, it just shows that that interest and definitely an important thing to do is go through your own research because you, you might, you might have mentioned projects in your white questions that you did, you know over a year ago in, in your first year as a medical student. And it, it's quite humiliating if they ask you questions about your research and then you can't answer them. So I definitely make sure you, you have a really thorough understanding of the projects that you've been involved in. Um And then that's at the bottom here. Again, we don't have time to go through all the terminology, but I'll just sort of put a general summary of the types of questions they could ask you about. Uh So whether that be methodology or randomized controlled trials bias is a big one that might come up. And yeah, probably one that everyone is scared of is statistical analysis. But again, I think if you just break it down and they, they summarize it really well in that book, break it down sort of simple user friendly definitions. Uh They're not expecting you to be an expert in it. Definitely. And just a note on the personal questions like Angus was saying, make sure what I would do is necessarily have a word document with all your achievements and just kind of read through that before the interview because sometimes you can be asked a question and think, oh, what example could I use? And you, you, you'll kind of be kicking yourself if you didn't, you've done loads of stuff and you need to try and advertise that in the short amount of time you have. So like I said, make sure you write down everything you've done and you have that on the days you can read through your portfolio. Yeah. So I think, yeah, the big buzzword is critical appraisal which everyone again is a bit scared of. But I think all critical appraisal means is basically you're summarizing an article, you're, you're giving sort of the main pros and cons of the article and you're telling them how that's useful or applicable in the real world in medical practice. So if your mind goes completely blank in the interview and they give you an abstract, I would just break it down to pros cons and then why is this useful? Like what effect does this have on patients? Because you always need to think about to patients. Um But if you want a bit more of a detailed structure. This is one that's commonly used. Um So I mentioned PCO in the first session. Er and that's usually in this structure. Um But yeah, so on the top, so let's say you read, you read your abstract at your interview session. Uh and they, they ask you to critically appraise it. So I'll just start with an opening sentence just saying uh this study was analyzing the effects of statins on uh the, you know, the cardiac events in a certain population. So just sort of an opening opening sentence, just what kind of question did it address? And also what methodology was it? And in the next slide, I'll go over that in more detail, but basically saying, was it a randomized controlled trial? Was it a cohort study? Uh was it a meta analysis just in one or two words, what was the main type of study? So then secondly, your po which is uh yeah, a really common structure just to summarize the study. So your population group. So which patients were you studying? And you know, did they have a certain disease demographic? You know, have they all had a previous cardiac arrest or were they all healthy? So just uh go over that the intervention. So if we stick with the statins study, your intervention would obviously be giving statins to your uh your population, you that you're interested in the control. So that's the comparison group that you're gonna compare the sample group to. So in this case, it would be uh a sample of patients who didn't receive the statin who all received a placebo instead. And then finally, the outcome. So in the statins example, that could be, you know, a cardiac event or overall survival. So that's that's your sort of generic summary of, of any abstract and then finally your key findings. So, you know, did it have statistically significant results or not? Uh so getting a bit more technical and again, it would be useful to read up this in your own time. Um But it's, if you, if you can, it's useful to sort of dip into er validity, whether that's internal or external. And again, the sort of the general er definition I would say is in internal validity, you're basically trying to reduce bias and have a controlled environment where you can er analyze an intervention and you can go into things like inclusion. Next future criteria blinding. Does that have a placebo er and also bias? And then your external validity er is basically how applicable is this study to real life scenarios? So it might be really well controlled and you get really good results. But if the drug costs a ridiculous amount of money and can't be funded by, you know, the NHS or approved by, nice, then this isn't externally valid because you can't actually apply it to uh you know, a population on a national scale. Um So that's, that's what it means by external validity. And then going back to statistics, which we can go over in a bit more detail. But I would basically have a one or two sentence uh definition for all those terms that I've put there just so if they do ask you, uh because I know some interviewers can grill you. So if you mention ap value, they might say, well, what is ap value or explain ap value to a lay person? You can just say in your own words, oh, this is the probability that happens or confidence in, you can say, oh, we'd be looking for a confidence in for over 95% and this would make it statistically significant. So it doesn't need to be really detailed. I just have a broad understanding of it. And then finally, uh F EC is another acronym which can be used in the structure. And that's basically at the end of the, your appraisal uh just going over the funding involved because this can influence, you know, how uh how robust the study is. If, if it's funded by a pharmaceutical company and they have a strong vested interest to, you know, to push and sell this drug, then that might sort of limit the reliability to the study, the ethics. So, does it have, you know, ethical approval? Uh has it followed the declaration of Helsinki, uh you know, a registered R and D project and again, it's, it's useful to do a bit of reading into the ethics surrounding research because this, this could definitely come up and the final conclusion, which again is just summarizing what the study is and what the influence the study is going to have on either practice or policy. It's really important to link it back to patient welfare and patient outcomes because obviously that's the reason we do research is to, you know, improve patient outcomes. Yeah, that makes sense. Yeah, that was really clear. Um I think this question really scared me and this is probably where the most work goes into as in like just revising like learning all these terms because I think before kind of preparing for the interview, I had some idea but I didn't exactly know but you don't need to learn like, you know, you can go really down a rabbit hole of research. I think just like kind of learn basic terms and make sure you have a rough idea what everything is. And I think if you forget this structure, often the examiners will kind of probe you to kind of talk about bias and talk about these different things. But yeah, II definitely think this is a really good structure to have and to have some knowledge of the terms. Um So the next slide perfect. Um So yeah, so this is called the hierarchy of evidence. You might have seen it in textbooks before, but don't worry if you didn't. Um, II know I hadn't before I started sort of revising these interviews. And basically all this is showing is the different types of studies. So the different method, yeah, research methodologies that can be used and sort of how, how reliable and how useful those studies can be. So, in the bottom, you've just got expert opinion or, you know, case reports which are just based on a few patients And then that goes all the way to the top where you've got systematic reviews, which is uh you know, a sort of a review of all the evidence out there and analyzing it for statistical significance. Um So it can be useful when you are critically appraising to say, you know, what, where it fits in this hierarchy of evidence and sort of how does that translate into how reliable, how useful we can find the study. And again, I haven't put up definitions for all those different types of studies just because I think it would be information overload, but feel free to take a screenshot and research each individual study methodology because it can be useful if someone asks. Oh, so what is the cohort study? Also, the slides will be available afterwards? Um So don't worry about you can definitely screenshot. But yeah, we will make the slides available. Yeah. Yeah. No, I understand it's a lot of information and I was definitely panicking this time last year, I was just trying to take in a sort of broad understanding and do a bit of research so you can explain it sort of lay terms, but definitely don't go down too many rabbit holes cos you will just get, well, I think, yeah, I might like after having the interview, they, you're not, you're not required to have the really specific knowledge, they just want you to know that you have a general understanding. So don't get too bogged down, just kind of maybe make a document with just quick summaries of what each one of it is. You don't need to go down the rabbit hole of research. Cos some of these books can really take you on an adventure. Yeah. And I feel, I sort of reassure myself for two. If, if you are completely stuck, you could always just sort of do a bit of a get out of jail card and just say, oh, I'm not entirely familiar with, you know, the phase of the clinical trial, but this is something I'd love to research in more detail next year as part of the program. And then it just sort of, and it's the same for clinical stations, you can say, oh, at this stage, I feel slightly out of my depth. So I would escalate to a senior because that, I mean, I definitely do that. I see. I like when I run, that's all you need to do. Um, ok, so the next part we'll cover is RCT S. So again, this is something which I learned for the interview and then very quickly forgot afterwards, but it might come up. So it's important to have a bit of an understanding. Um Yeah, again, in a, in a very broad sense, there are, there are different phases to clinical trials. Um And each time you're sort of escalating the scale of the trial. So how many participants there are? Um and you're looking for different things. So initially, you were just looking at is the drug safe? Are there any adverse effects of the drug? Which means we can't roll it out on a bigger scale. And then by phase three, you're looking at sort of the more the more niche benefits of it does this outweigh the costs and other logistical issues involved in giving the drug um to see if it's ready for FDA review and approval. So again, try and have a bit of an understanding but don't, don't go into too much detail. Um And then something which I haven't got a slide about, but I would say it is important to look at is quality improvement projects. Um It's not strictly speaking research, but it's definitely a hot topic at the moment and it's something that all clinicians have to do is either auditing or Q I projects. So if you've done it in the past and that's brilliant and you can draw on that um that experience. But if not, I think your, your broad terms or definitions would be an audience is just measuring a clinical service against guidelines to see how your local unit performs against the national guidelines. And then if you then sort of um implement an intervention, so whether that's, you know, posters around the unit, encouraging people to do a certain practice or sending out emails to improve practice and then you reaudit it. So you remeasure the outcomes and see if there's been AAA benefit since your intervention, that would be what we call closing the loop of an audit and then it will qualify as a quality improvement project. So I think that is more than enough detail for, for an interview. Yeah, definitely. And also kind of going back to that camp structure. So clinical academic is all the research management and management kind of comes under Q I. So you can use, you can say an example like, oh I'd wanna do AQ I in the the ward that I'm working to really make a difference to my patients, not just kind of on the kind of wider research scale. And you also have to do an audit anyway, as part as FF one to complete your A RCP. So they're kind of to to get your full license. So it's really important that you kind of know what and what it is. Um But yeah, um so now we'll go on to the clinical station. So we kind of covered. There might be like we, we, we're kind of gonna go over the broad structures. They might, all the questions might not fall exactly into these categories, but they'll definitely be a clinical station because you've got way less. Well, you've got four months, less time. If you're a Newcastle, you've got eight months less time than the typical foundation doctor. So they want to know that you're competent. Um, so you'll give, you were given realistic situations. So I've got an example slide of the sort of things that could come up and it will be a to e scenarios. So it will be very similar to if you've done simulations at medical school, kind of running through that. Um So you'll be given a clinical vignette to start with and then, so then you'll kind of take your initial approach, sort of a to e um one examiner may act as a nurse or kind of someone and then the other examiner will kind of be giving you, oh, like probing you giving you more information. Um So when we do our next session, we'll kind of we'll be running through a mock interview and we can kind of show you this sort of thing, the structure of this question. So you might get kind of an E CG or an er A VG results or kind of a news chart. So just kind of make sure you can, they're not gonna give you a really mean E CG, but just make sure you kind of know the kind of really red flag EC GS and like what to look on an ABG, what like, what, what will you be looking for? This is kind of good finals revision. Anyway, I found kind of doing revision for this really useful when I actually did had to do my finals and my OSK at and finals. Um I think you just kind of, you kind of run through the scenario. And the most important thing of this is to make sure you escalate to your senior when you're unsure, cos realistically, they want to know you're safe. And as an F one, if you're not escalating, let's say when someone's got a potassium above 6.5 and they're about to go into um arrhythmias, then you're a dangerous F one. So they want to know you're a safe F one. So I don't think they, you should be escalating, let's say, like, you know, straight away you need to actually um kind of implement some changes. So like give, give fluids or something like that or like take an ABG, ask the nurse to take an ABG and if you can ask the nurse maybe to do ob sometimes I know there can be a bit of panicky saying what OBS do you want. So make sure you're quite clear and remember to explain what you're doing cos it's a very simulated scenario. It's kind of So you'll be like, I'm listening to the charts and obviously when you do it in the simulation suite, like center, you can actually do it. Whereas up here it's just gonna be online. So you need to make sure that you are very clear what you're thinking and then you're likely to have to present it when the senior comes. Um when, when the interviewer decides to be the senior and make sure you know what the SBAR approach is, I'm sure you do. But situation background assessment and what you recommendation or what you think is going on and then likely after you kind of run through the scenario, there'll be maybe a minute where they'll ask you questions being like, so what do you think, what's going on here? What do you think is happening? This question goes really quickly and do not be scared if like let's say you don't get past A or you don't get past b like, it's as long as you're being a safe F one, that's what's important. They don't want you to know all the answers. Um But yeah, so this is slide is kind of some stuff that kind of could come up. Some of them are quite niche. Um So don't worry too much. But uh if you have the Oxford handbook, that little red one, I think we've got a picture of it at the back of that. They've got the emergencies and kind of the simple ways what to do for them. And that's a really good revision source. Um, so yeah, just make sure you kind of know the rough management, um, of what you would do in these sort of situations. You don't need to know doses or anything like that. You're just gonna say, oh, I'd give, you know, in this. Yeah. So just make sure to be calm as well. Don't kind of just do word vomit cos the examiner kind of needs to see your sort of thought process. Um So yeah, just make sure you have a good understanding of how to manage um all of these situations. Um I mean, I say all of these situations but this is gonna be good for finals revision anyway. Um but it might not be that clear what is going on and it might not be that clear at the end what is going on. So make sure as long as you're kind of escalating and kind of doing appropriate things, for example, if someone's hypertensive giving fluids um or asking for an E CG um and just be prepared, you might, things might have to come up on the screen. So um just be kind of ready to read them. Um so a useful er tool. So you could neces, you might get kind of a prioritizing, you might get like, oh you have all these patients to see like you're on a night shift and you gotta kind of put your prioritize all your jobs. So I think it can be really flu frustrating at first. And I mean, obviously I'll start on F one and it's really like when people are bleeping you and saying I want you to do this, think what is urgent and important, like you can kind of use new scores to prioritize, but sometimes let's say someone's kind of snoring with their eyes open. They're not necessarily gonna have a high new score and they are definitely the person to see first. So you could use new scores also the at. So if someone's got an airway issue, you need to see them first, whereas someone's got um kind of others to kind of go round, go, go down in the hierarchy. Um I think also you, sometime they may ask you to kind of if a nurse is saying, oh, can you change this antibiotic time? And you might have to say, oh, I'm really sorry, I'm really busy at the moment. I can't do that. So they need to, they want to see that you kind of, you have an ability to prioritize and this is definitely important as an F one. And I think just kind of take, take a deep breath, kind of think what, what do I need to do first? And I, you can also just say I'm just gonna take a step back. Um I need to think you can just explain your thought process cos they can't read your mind and if they, if you're showing you're really thinking about it, that's a really good sign even if you don't get it right. Um, uh, so let me get the next slide. So, yeah, this book here, the back of that has some really good, um, sort of basic management of each of the, um, kind of emergency scenarios you might get. Er, and, yeah, so definitely use the, use the MDT. So ask nurses to help you get to take blood, do the um E CG, do the ABG and just make sure you're really good with your at E structure. Don't forget like blood glucose or anything like that. And yeah, chest x-rays ABG sec GS, they're not gonna give you something really niche. So don't worry, but just kind of the main uh things to look out for like chest x-rays, maybe pneumonias, pneumothorax, effusions, um kind of maybe, I guess cardiomegaly if you had acute pulmonary edema or if you had some with heart failure. But yeah, I just think, don't worry too much, not knowing every single E CG but maybe like, you know, ST elevation um prolonged Q TC or something like that. And always um so safety net to the patients or safety net to the nurses, let's say you might get one, you have to go do one job, be like, oh, well, if this, it gets worse, you need to bleep me and always escalate to a senior. At the end of the question, you should have escalated to a senior. You are not managing, let's say you say hyperkalaemia, you're not managing hyperkalaemia by yourself as an F one, you al you can initiate treatment. So what kind of they told me when I started work? Is that obviously if someone has a really high potassium, you can like give them the calcium gluconate, but you then need to call your reg you're not managing even if you know the, you know, you know, the management realistically, am I put yourself in that situation? You're not gonna be like, I don't need any senior help. You're definitely gonna ask for s some senior help and you may ask to like put out on that call um or like the cardiac arrest call. Um but yeah, don't worry, they're not too long, so not too much stuff can happen in them. Um So yeah, just remember to um you get emergency and Angus has put here, look over ethical scenarios. So Angus don't talk about sort of the ethical scenarios that might come into play. Yeah, so the the main situation might involve uh clinical issues, but they do quite like to check in some ethical stuff which again, you should be aware of for finals, but it might be things surrounding consents or whether patients have capacity. So can you assess capacity or it might be issues in terms of under sixteens and their, you know, rights to consent to treatment. So again, I think it's just useful to have an awareness because they do like to throw this in just to sort of, you know, catch you off guard. So it's useful to go over sort of your, your main ethical scenarios. Yeah, definitely. And I think so capacity just briefly to go over. So make sure that someone uh understands the information weighs out the risks and is able to obtain the information and uh kind of explain their view back to you. That's the most important thing. I think the majority of the time people do have capacity unless they're sort of delirious. So I think for like finals as well, they often there's Oscar stations regarding this. So m geeky medics, I'm sure has a really good um capacity assessment. So make sure you know that how to kind of um check for capacity. Cos obviously someone let's say they have uh cancer and they don't want treat or they have something that's gonna kill them and they don't want treatment, they have capacity to make that decision um most of the time unless they're kind of delirious or anything like that. But yeah, so make sure you know about capacity. Yeah, the at E sessions. Uh I don't, yeah, I just think, remember always call your senior, you're gonna always need to call your senior and if you haven't just call them at the end quickly, but you definitely will. Perfect So, yeah, so that's the three, that's sort of a whistle top of the three main domains that could be covered. Um, I understand there's a lot of information. Um, so kind of take a second to pause and sort of think about some broader things you can do to prepare. So, what I would say is, I think it's quite tempting to say, to think of an interview. Oh, you know, it'll just be my natural ability on the day or just, you know, my personal skills will take over and those definitely are important. But I think you can revise for an interview. Like at the end of the day, it is a, it is a, an exam of sorts, you know, it's a verbal exam. So if you have just sort of sat there for the last 30 minutes and thought, oh Christ, I don't know what, you know, what RCT is or I don't know the different types of methodology. I think that's OK cos you don't get taught it in medical school and I know I didn't know much about it, but you do not have now have probably 6 to 8 week until your interview um to prepare. So you can just do research as til said, make a, a nice big um word document with lots of definitions and just break it down into your own terms. So that on the day you feel confident going into the interview and I think that will show through quite well, even if you don't have exact, you know, understanding, understanding of how to calculate a specific, you know, statistical test. If you have a broad awareness of its utility and why it's used, then I think that's, that's the most important thing. So, yeah, I wouldn't get too, too worried. Yeah, just some sort of general points. As Tilly said, look up common questions that they'll ask. There are a few that will always come up like why do you want to do S FP uh And then the different academic ones, it will be one of the ones that I mentioned before and I would just sort of bullet point answers to those and also cross compare that with if you have an academic CV or a list of your achievements and see where you can sort of mention different achievements. So they ask, you know, uh define a qi project to a lay person, you could give you a definition and why it's, and you say I want from my experience having run a qi project in my anesthetic placement XYZ just to sort of, you know, give it that extra bit of, you know, personal reflection. So yeah, definitely have a list of your achievements and be familiar with those. Um look into the research methodology is horrible. But I think if you just find some nice bullet points of definitions that that will make you feel better about it and it said it's good. But your a me stuff, I think that list is quite daunting with the different endocrine emergencies. And I know that I've forgotten all those since then. Yeah, just try and have an awareness and definitely, you know, your, you know, your sties, your asthma attack off by heart cos it's, that's really niche. You'd be really unlucky if an endocrine emergency came out. Ok. So, please don't panic. You're not, they're not making endocrine emergencies. And, yeah, I don't think I exactly knew what's going on at the end of mine. Uh, and speaking to the other people who did the interview in my Jane, that's kind of similar. So it might not be very clear, but they just wanna know you're safe. So that's kind of the main bit of that question. So the next point as well as just writing down sort of ideas for questions. I know it sounds weird, but I would practice actually answering them and even, you know, setting off your, like a stop watching your phone and just see how long it takes you to answer a question. Like, why do you want to do S FP or maybe you can record it. It, it seems like an odd thing but I think when you listen to it back you'll be like, oh Christ, I was, you know, waffling loads there or I spent, you know, 45 seconds just talking about why I like the beach or something So, II think it is good to reflect on your answers cos they're definitely gonna come up. So it's worth put Pepsin and then leading on from that try and organize any mock interviews you can. So whether this is with supervisors or, er, friends who have gone through the process, um, or even family and friends, it's just, it's good to get into the habit of, um, you know, interviewing cos it is a difficult skill and we, you won't have done it for at least six years or five or six years now. Um So I think e even having family or friends interview, you will just give you advice on more generic things like the way you present or the, you know, how much eye contact you make or whether you're not, not pausing enough and rushing. I think simple things like that do make a big difference. No, definitely. And I think it's important to have some someone who's experienced in kind of the academic field, medicine field also to help you. So I would probably email like supervisors you have now or people who've done who are doing the S FP now. Uh kind of probably around about now cos realistically they're gonna be busy. So you want to get in a, a time before your interview instead of kind of rushing before. But yeah, definitely practice with family and friends and then just on a bit more preparation on the day, these might seem like really obvious points or quite simple things. But I think the overall impression you have just as soon as, you know, you turn on your video and they see you. I think that really puts their mind if, if you look professional and you look, you know, alert and you're making eye contact and smiling, I think simple things like that, which sound quite stupid to say will have a massive impact. And subconsciously, the examiners within the 1st 30 seconds of talking to you will have already formed an opinion on, you know, whether they think you're a competent candidate. Um So yeah, so with it, obviously, you want to make sure that uh you have good wifi co if it cuts out, it'll be an absolute nightmare. Um And I'm sure they'll be able to rearrange it, but it'll just be a lot of stress for you and them. Uh make sure you have a good camera and a good microphone so they can see and how you clear it. Um So you have a quiet location so that you eat in the library or, you know, when your flatmates having a party or something, make sure, you know, you have lots of time where you're on your own. So you can just, you're nice and relaxed and you can give the best impression of yourself and even simple things like a play in background. I remember going to the tutorial about um surgical interviews and someone said they'd like, really optimize their, their sort of interview on Zoom. They had like a, a nice white wall behind them with like plans either side and they put up a photo of their um graduate certificate and stuff. So that might be a bit much for anything. But I think things like, like, it's just sort of that thought process that if, if your setting looks nice and it again has a subconscious impact. So make sure you don't have like a really messy room or, you know, I think it's just small things like that just will make you feel more confident uh getting into it. And then that's a really obvious one. But yeah, just make sure you're wearing fresh clothes. Uh and you know, you shaved or whatever, you, if you look scruffy again, it would have a negative impact. Um And there are a few more things in terms of you, you could be sitting there for an hour by the time you've, you know, logged in, you have to have your id validated and then you go through to a different room and then you might have to wait there for 10 minutes. So I definitely make sure you have water with you. And again, this can be quite useful. If you are sort of struggling with the question, you can just, you know, take a moment and take a sip of water and it just gives you a bit more time to plan your answer and also let's say you make sure you go to the toilet for him because you could be waiting for like an hour, hour and a half. Um, so, yeah. Yeah, that's all my weird tips. Yeah, definitely. And also when you start in because you have done the ID check in a separate room when you join the exam and introduce yourself again. Smile, always smile. Just be like, I mean, not constantly smiling but don't look bored or anything. Like I know these simple things but like, I kind of thought I, I'd be, you know, I'm, I'm good at talking to people who fine, but we, I haven't had an interview for six years and actually practicing. It made me realize that I do, I did need to practice quite a lot and I think our backgrounds right now are not good. Like I'm getting distracted looking at Angus's background. I'm just gonna take it. So make sure it's plain. Um, I mean, you could do your degree certificate but I think maybe that's a bit much for the S ap but yeah, make sure to be friendly as well. Um, because they, uh, like you gonna be supervisors and they wanna see someone they wanna work with as well, so always be really friendly. Um, I think cos also sometimes when you're kind of nervous, you can just be like, quite cold but remember to be really smiling. So we're gonna go through some examples. So we'll do our next in a couple of weeks, I think on the sixth, we've got um the mock one we'll run through, but just kind of to go through the example structures. So welcome to the first part of your interview. So can you tell what, tell us why you want to apply for this program? So this question is kind of the same of like, why do you want to apply for the scenery? Why do you want to do? S ap they're all, you're all gonna have the same answer. So what sort of thing I said? So I separate it out to clinical academic management. Personal. So clinical exposure to oncology explores my interests and improved my clinical practice. Kind of roughly, I'm not gonna say my answer now, but I think it's important to have an area of knowledge, an area of medicine you're interested in. So I gonna say I'm thinking about oncology and hematology, but I'm not really sure, but I've done this research into this and this da da da and I think feedback as they were like, oh, well, it's good though cos this this scenery like the set program. So you're not gonna necessarily setting exactly what you want to do. So I think always be open, but I definitely have um niche, definitely have an area, a specific area cos otherwise it's a boring answer. They want to know exactly what you're actually interested in. So academic. So deepening my passion for the area of oncology, networking at conferences, publish impactful research, you know, supervision. Uh So my learning specialist who's actually my supervisor, er stepping stone for a future application for a clinical fellowship. So I think it's really important to say that because realistically the S FP is a stepping stone, they want to make you a clinical academic, they want you to make you professors. So you need to have an awareness of that kind of pathway. Uh and always say you kind of will will apply for a clinical fellowship and that sort of thing even if you won't. Um And I think this is in a good place to look up what the deanery offers. So like you could say this deanery would allow me to do, you know, for example, Angus has got 24 month blocks. So you could say I could do multiple projects. So make sure it's deary specific and management. So kind of implementing AQ I in a place I work teach medical students learning about teaching. Um I can't say this word right now, able to cope so I could carry out a PT set. So I think, yeah, we'll make it specific and that's the sort of thing that comes under management. And I think we'll talk about which book kind of has some really useful examples as well. At the end, I think I've got a picture, personal challenge myself um be closer to my family in London. Um but not too close. So I think kind of when I say challenge myself, I guess I could say, you know, I could link it back to examples. I've done saying like, oh in medical school, I had to juggle being doing this and this. Um and I know that in S FP it will be really hard to actually get all my clinical competencies, all my sign offs while doing all of my research. And I think it will be really good challenge challenge and will help help me build on my skills. So I think kind of also when you're answering these sort of questions, name drop stuff you've done cos you actually don't have that much time to and they don't have a CV in front of you. And I, they really, I really doubt that they'll, will look at your whitespace questions while they're interviewing you. Um So yeah, that would be my advice for the personal personal station. Mhm. Um So our next example will be about the academic station. Uh So again, one of the questions you might get is uh tell us about a recent paper that you've read that relates to your interest. And again, you're, you're, you're summarizing the article and sort of delving into that critical appraisal. So for mine, I found an article on the B MJ uh which is basically about a recent clinical trial for an immunotherapy drug that uh they're hoping can treat triple negative breast cancer, which is a certain type of breast cancer, which is really difficult to treat. Um So yeah, so we're just going to sort of the breakdown. Yeah, sorry. Um Again, it's gonna seem like a lot of information, but all I'm trying to do here is just sort of give a bit of context to that structure that we went over earlier. So I'd just start off exactly as I did then and just summarize what the question is. So uh pembrolizumab, which is the drug in question, uh Does it improve outcomes in triple negative breast cancer? Um And what type of study is this? So this type was a phase three randomized controlled trial and there is open label which all that means is it wasn't blinded. Um So it useful for your internal validity and then using that the structure just to break it down, you can just say what's your sample size, what are the demographics of the group? So that age disease status, whether they have the previous treatment and then the intervention that you're interested in which in this situation was a certain number of cycles of the drug along with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Um So yeah, don't focus too much on the details, but just sort of to give what I said earlier a bit of context. So then your control group would be uh another group of patients who receive the same management in terms of the chemotherapy, but instead of the drug that we're interested in, you'd give them a placebo. Um just to keep it controlled and then the outcomes we're interested in is event free survival and overall survival. And linking back to the question at start, we see if it improves those outcomes. So the findings, this is sort of uh what the study has shown and it's backed up by the statistics. And again, I just took this from my prep for the interview last year, but there's a lot of horrible numbers, but I would just try and break it down and just say we're interested in event free survival. We can see that uh the event free survival for the drug of question is 85% compared to the control group at 77%. And we know this is a statistically significant difference because the hazard ratio is 0.63. Um So I wouldn't go into too much detail beyond that. Um And you can also see your P value there is less than naught 0.001 which is good. Cos the, the golden number is naught 0.05 which means, you know, more than 95% chance that it's statistically significant. OK. So then, yeah, following the structure. So we've gone through po and uh sort of the overall question. So then just delving into the, the validity in a bit more detail. So internal validity, this is how well controlled the the environment was. So you're looking at, well, in this example, it would be the characteristics of the tumor. So have they randomized it by, you know, the tumor size, the tumor grade those sort of characteristics? Um Was it a blinded trial? Was it triple blind? There's various terminologies surrounding this or was it an open label study? And then in external validity, we're linking back to sort of the real life applications. So, is it cost effective? Um is the trial population reflecting the population that were interested in treating if not, that's not as useful? And also is that the chemo regime that they use in this study going to be the same regime that they're using in the target population? Because again, if it's not, then it's not as useful in real life. And then finally, we've just got the F EC. So your funding ethics and conclusion. Um So yeah, funding is really important because obviously people have a vested interest if they work for a pharmaceutical company or whether they've been approached by a certain organization that wants to promote this drug. So it's worth mentioning that um so in this, in this case, it was, it was funded by Merck, which is a big pharma company. So we could say that, you know, limits the reliability of the study um the ethics. So it will always stay at the end of the study. You know, this is, this is a certified research and development study and it will usually give, you know, the, the registered number of that study. And then also, has it been, uh either peer reviewed or appraised by a reps of organization, like, nice. And then finally your conclusion again is just sort of summarizing what you've gone over. So you're just sort of going through the main pros and cons and whether it's had a, you know, a significant positive outcome and how this can be used going forward. So for this study, you'd say, you know, the study based on the statistical analysis, we've done, the study suggests that there are improved outcomes using this drug. So ultimately, hopefully we're hoping this can be rolled out into the UK population to improve outcomes and patient welfare. Um So yeah, I wouldn't go into too much more detail than that and you can forward to sort of future studies that will be done. So in this case, it would be a phase four trial would be the next step. Yeah, definitely. I think it's important what they really want is that you can appraise the study. So I wouldn't focus too much on the po and like they want to just make sure you have a quick summary of that. But what they really want is you to talk about the internal validity and the external validity. They want you to be able to actually appraise research uh more than kind of like recite what it's about if that makes sense. So then, oh, clinical. Perfect. I guess you go for it. So this might be the sort of situation you get. So it might just be one patient that they're going to do so with or they might give you probably more realistic scenarios. Uh, you know, you're an F one on call on night shift and you've received three bleeps about three different patients and they'll give you a time to, you know, review the different patients. And at that point, I definitely sort of step back and take a minute to think through your approach. So using that matrix T mentioned earlier about, you know, is it urgent, is it important? And also using that a hierarchy? Just think, how am I going to approach this situation and then verbalize your your explanation to the examiner. So if we moved to the next line, um yeah, so I'd always start by triaging, which is just prioritizing who you think is uh the most urgent using those approaches that I just mentioned. So for example, in this situation, I could say, well, B and C seem more pressing than the first example, which is just pain because, you know, they're actually on the A three hierarchy. Um But I would need more information before I made my decision. So you could ask the examiner for their vital signs or their new score. And again, this can just help you prioritize or you can even ask for an sbar, they might give you a really brief handover and it's ok, you know, in real life, you would just say, would you mind presenting that to be in a form? Just so you have more information, other stuff you might ask about is, you know, past medical history medication. So in this example, um we might be asking you if the patient in pain has any pr and meds. Um and if the pain is new because if they, if it was an ongoing pain and they had a plan, you know, a robust plan in place and you could just say to the nurses, oh, you can give, you know, some codeine, uh and then report back if that's helped or not and then you don't even need to go and see the patient. But again, obviously that depends on context for the, the chest pain. You'd obviously be screening for red flags. So you think about, you know, does it radiate to the jaw or the arm? Do they have any cardiac history? And also gave us some medications, do they have any, uh P RN GTN already prescribed? Because again, you can just ask the nurses to get this, um, you're not on the ward. Um Perfect. And again, in terms of medications, you could, if the girl on A&E has a history of asthma, you could ask them to give her inhaler before you get there and see if that has any benefit. So then other little pointers which we've gone over before, but you definitely can multitask and make use of your under two. So let's say uh in this situation you're already on A&E so you're gonna go and see uh the girl with asthma cos you think that's the most important you can say whilst I'm gonna see this girl, um you can ask the nurses for the chest pain patient. Can you take an ECG and uh take some blood for troponin whilst I see this girl? And could you also alert the sho um because then it's sort of putting that safety in place whilst you're dealing with the most urgent problem. Um And then I won't go through A to e in detail because II think hopefully everyone know it and that's something you can easily advise. But yeah, I, you obviously want a strong a to so you think about airway joints you can use or can you take an ABG or a V VG? Um And I think it's worth asking the examiner if you'd like to go through the A three week cos they might not actually be interested in that and you could spend five minutes sort of going through it and actually say what I'm interested in is there, so to say at this point. So let's say I've decided to go to the go with asthma cos I think that's the highest priority. So obviously it's breathing, which is second in a hierarchy. Um I'm at the patient bedside and I'm going in a, would you like to go through the detail? And then they might say, no, it's fine. Here's an A G and like that they might say yes, please. That would be great. So I think it's helpful to do that just to save yourself the effort. Yeah, definitely. Because I would say in my interview, I then started going through like I took the air and I do this and I like, and then they were like, stop and I was like, ok, and then I got a bit fru so I think, yeah, I definitely ask them before you get. Yeah, because although they are not interest in your medical knowledge as much as like how competent you are as an F one and they're more concerned about, can you multitask, can you make you tore and can you escalate? I, so they're the most important things. Yeah, definitely. And to be fair, sometimes they, they might kind of let's say, say, should I go for an at E and they might not say anything then just go through it because they might just kind of make it a completely simulated scenario. So with the nurse being like, what do you wanna do doctor then just run through your at E. But sometimes I've heard like, sometimes they may be like, tell me what you do, like explain your thinking where sometimes they actually make will make you do the situation if that makes sense. Mhm So yeah, so in this scenario, let's say we've gone through artery. Um you've asked for an ABG, you ordered a chest X ray given me nebs. Um they might even say, OK, here's the ABG. Um can you analyze the results first? So then they might put the results up on the screen and give you, you know, 30 seconds to analyze it. So I would definitely go over things like, you know, different types of respiratory failure and common causes for that. Um So then yeah, following on from this scenario, let's say you're still with the patient and the ABG S come back as yeah, type one approach failure and they're acidotic. Um You could not say and it starts to dropping further. You could not say I've given me ebbs and I feel like this is now be on my capacity. I'm now gonna call my red reg and put out, you know, a double two, double two if you feel that's necessary. Yeah. And to be honest, you definitely should do that. Cos put yourself in that situation, you would be like scared shitless this person. Asthma attacks are really dangerous. And you probably say I'd wanna call anesthetics as well. You need to make sure you escalate at that point. You're not necessarily, you can start to think about the next stages in the asthma pathway, but as an F one, you're not doing that or like you're calling a reg and then they're making you do that, but you need to make sure you escalate at this point. Um, because anything to do with airway and breathing is really, you need to make sure you have senior help cos it can go south quite quickly. So I think, yeah, just make, put yourself in that situation and think how will I feel next year doing that thing? Probably you'll be like, I'll be scared in every situation. But yeah, when someone's airway is compromised, definitely get senior help earlier than, rather than later. Yeah. And I think a common rabbit hole to go down is even if you know the next step in the management, you think? Oh, great. I can give you some, you know, hydrocortisone or whatever. That's brilliant that you're showing that knowledge. But it's more important that, yeah, you, you escalate. So you could say I just wanted to escalate and I'd start to think about giving, you know, magnesium sulfate. But I'd wait for my, er, registrar together or wait for anesthetics together. Yeah, definitely. Um And then, so following from the scenario, let's say you've done your a really well, you're escalated, they might say great uh your reg taken over this situation. Now you need to go and deal with the uh the angry relative who's dosed in lots of pain. And then this scenario might be, you know, um managing an angry or agitated patients. So it could either be an ethical issue, you know, if the patients under age or it could just be more sort of communication question. So, that's just one way that could sort of spin these questions to get in different skills. Yeah. I'd just be prepared for that sort of question too. Definitely. But it's only going to be five minutes. So, either the, let's say you had that situation, the asthma patient is gonna deteriorate quite fast and your senior is gonna get there and then you're going to have the rest of the station. Like you're not, you're not gonna have detailed, you're not gonna have to deal with each patient in detail because realistically there's not enough time. So just some top tips before we finish and we can ask some questions. So structure answers. So this is when you can prepare. Um and it's just kind of like writing a white space questions again, um align your answers with desired qualities. So kind of think what, what sort of qualities do they want for an S AP doctor? And they have for sort of 0.7 they have a de perspective to kind of think how can I show that? What examples have I have? Have I got to show that be friendly like I said before, approach a supervisor, this is kind of if relevant, I didn't do this because all the projects were kind of preset um preparations. So yeah, bullet point answers, write down your achievements. Um Practice, practice, practice cos I kind of thought, you know, I'll be fine at interview and then I practiced with one of my friends and I was like, well, wow, word war has just come out of my mouth. So make sure you do practice. Um I think this book on the right had really good. This is kind of a specialist training interview. So it's quite detailed, there's lots of stuff that would unlikely to come up, but it's really good at just showing you good answers. What's bad answers. Um And I think, remember to sort of take a deep breath in the interview and if you're feeling really flustered, just take a moment, have a sip of water. Um and always be professional. So I think even if you get really flu don't like obviously just like swear or break, like always be professional, even if you're really flustered, be like, I'm just gonna take a minute. Sorry, I need to think about this. Don't be like, oh, I don't know, always make sure you're professional. Um So yes, so our next session I'll hand over to Angus. Mhm. Yeah. So our next session will be uh sixth of November, which will hopefully time quite well with your interviews because it just give you a flavor of, you know, how previous applicants have answered these sorts of questions. Um Before we answer questions, I'll just put the feedback form in the chat. That'd be great if you could fill that in for us. And then I've also just added here again. It's just kind of simple things, but these are just my problems for the interview which might seem cringy. But I think when you're really stressed you like, oh, what are the key things that he focus on? I just sort of, you know, he said I would always take a second to find your answer, just do the basic things where like the way you look, you know, making eye contact and being engage with the interview. Um And yeah, try and add as much reflection and link back to your awards as you can. Yeah, definitely. I'm pleased. Yeah, we would be really grateful if you could do the feedback form. Um because teaching helps us pass our ACP which is what you have to do in one. So we'd be really grateful. Does anyone have any questions? And again, we can answer questions, you just message the Facebook page. We're happy to answer questions there. But does anyone have any questions for now? Mm Probably information overload. I think so. I think on a Monday evening we may have um ok, so Georgia has asked for the academic questions. Do you know if it's likely that those applying to an education post will have more education based questions? So it depends. I think one deanery said when I was looking at researching up, like you can only rank the education jobs or you could only rank the, uh, sorry, let me think about what to answer this question. So, I think they're not, I don't think they're gonna necessarily be more education based. I think like your answers can be more education based. But I think, no, let's say you're given a, given an abstract. I don't think they're gonna know that you're just applying for the education ones, in my opinion. I might, II could be wrong but I, you don't apply. It's like one big interview for all of the three domains. Unless I think one deary said you could only rank certain ones. So maybe that one deanery, I think it was on our other slides. I forgot which one it is Trent or something. You could only rank like education if you're doing education. But I think for all other ones, it will just be like general questions for the same. But I guess realistically the only question that's gonna be a bit difficult for is education. But then you could look up some education research and analyze that one. So if they kind of ask you to give an example. But no, I don't think there will be more education based questions. I guess your answers will just be more education based. I don't know what Angus thinks about that. Yeah, I probably, I know you said it before but I'll check the, the, the website for any information or they might give you some advice when they email them as well. Um, they might, might just say no, we can't give you that information, like f off, but they might give you some more information. But I have a feeling they won't be specific to what sort of thing you're applying. Yeah. Especially because they've changed. Even the approach of the SP is now just a specialized foundation program. So you're meant to sort of have that done of all three domains, not just your, your says yours just education. So yeah, then probably they're going to ask you education, but they're probably going to get you to place for education, research. But yeah, any more questions. Otherwise we will let you go on a Monday evening. Um And yeah, just don't uh don't feel uh please ask any questions to Facebook group as well. We're more than happy. Um But yeah, please check the Deanery websites and when you get an email with all the information about your interview, if you get an interview, um because it might have changed from when we did it. But this will be the broad structure and if you don't get an interview, don't, you know, don't this is a really useful process to go through for specialist training, kind of gathering everything and I think it will be more competitive this year with all of your guys. Um I think there's more, I guess maybe they've made more SA PS but I think cos obviously, there's more, the years are bigger and all this random allocation for the normal one. So it will be harder. So please don't get to consultant. If you don't get an interview, it's not the end of the world and you can still do research on F one and F two if you don't get the S FP. So I think we'll leave it there. Um But please message any other questions to the Facebook group if you want. Um So our next session, I've got two of my other S FP colleagues as well and we'll four of us will run through a simulated interview each answering questions. Gosh, I'm not looking forward to that. But yeah, so we'll do that um to kind of give you a flavor for what sort of style um It will be like. Um But yes, um if you have any questions, let us know, otherwise we'll finish it there. Ok. Good luck. Everyone. Hope you get. Yeah, good luck. And yeah, please don't be disheartened if you don't. Ok. Ok. II don't.