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Yeah. Hello, everyone. Welcome. Two day two of our conference. Very excited. I hope you enjoyed yesterday's talks on down. Learned a lot from speakers as I I did so for today's talks. We have a first webinar about inside into foundation training than a second webinar about insight into especially see training on been all final weapon, or is about life in the UK and up Zambia, Namibia as medical doctors. So I really hope you are looking forward to it on. I want to get some interaction. The chats, you know, have you guys talk interact network on the trucks as well, So just feel free to type in anything you want. Their ah, couple of questions, maybe like answers to maybe questions such as What? Your favorite food Recently, what shows you might be watching where you excited about today, So feel free to type in your eyes is there? But yes, um, Charms. My co host will be joining me later on, so my name's proven on the coast, and the one of the court coordination is off the conference with all your medical student at Cardiff. Um, so hopefully, um if it's well, I think it is due to the music. I'm going to stop the music. And then we can get started with our first on speaker doctoring nesa who's already joined us here. So I'm just gonna stop the music because the doctor, necessarily right if you share your screen. And so your video Yes, that's fine. I don't show my screen and not able. Sorry, I can't think. Okay. Yeah. Station. Hi. My name's like when I, um an f one doing the academic foundation program in Cambridge, like, retreated from Cardiff this year on today. I'm just gonna give you an insight into the foundation program on application process and the different types of programs there are. So So this is a brief overview of today slide. So I'm gonna go through specifically what it is exactly. So what is the foundation program? What is the purpose behind it on the different types of programs on the application process? Okay, so what is? The foundation program is two years long and is a training post. So sometimes when you're working as an f one, it may seem like it just service service provision. We have to remember that your specialty training and throughout those two years, you do have to complete some competencies to sign off like you didn't mention cool like some CBDs. Some clinical skills. Um, quite a few different things. You have to get signed up of prudent for you to pass the foundation program. So it's a training program for two years. You have to do the two years in order to progress into specialty training after that, and it's consistent off 34 months rotations. So each year and a half when you have three rotations, lost informants long and then it left you. You have another three lossing woman's long. If you just do the normal UK F P, it is all all six will be clinical. In other programs, you do get the chance to do some research. Blocks are going to that bit more detail later on, but they are fixed. So when you apply and you don't really get much choice in the combination off clinical rotations you do. Sometimes you find to that you, like on one that you don't lie. But you kind of have to just compromise and do that the irritation that you don't want to do because the other two are what you want to do. So just bring that in mind when you're applying that you on May, they may have to compromise the type of specialties the end of doing those in those two years. Onda. In order to get a full GMC license, you must do the first year. If you don't do the first year, then you'll just you only a fully qualified doctor. So for those of you who are thinking of leaving Princeton, um, just very mind when you graduate, you have a professional license on until you complete your first year. That's when you will have a full GMC license, which will be permanent okay the next night. And so there are different types of foundation programs. They're around four. So the Normal Foundation program, which consists of clinical, just clinical work So the Bursa three clinical rotation second, get through clinical rotations, um, the Specialized Foundation program, formally known as the Academic Foundation program. That meant that is the one which I am doing. So when you do this one in your second year, you do one. Instead of doing three clinical rotations, you do to control it, a shin on one research block on guys. Four months in and this you can have a research specialized, unusual program. So you do like he said, one research program, Ones research block and then two. Clinical. Or you can have a educational once a day what I'm saying to one block on purely educational activities on then the the clinical. Or you can have, um, a Leadership for Management Specialist Foundation program. See, it's only focus on leadership Munch Mint. And then you do your other two, um, clinical, um, flocks on. Do you have the foundation priority program, Um, are going to movies about this later on? It's really worked for those areas in the UK when no one wants to work where they have difficulty retaining trainees on difficulty in attracting, um, student. Them got nearly graduated students to come work on the that give you incentives to come and work in those areas on. Then the Psychiatry foundation partnership is another one, And for those of you interested in psychiatry, there is another one which I haven't really popular, and that is, um, pre allocation foundation program. The pre attic a shin is for people who want to stay in a specific location for means it could be caring responsibilities. Or it can be for their own educational needs if they have, um, you know, they want to stay close to the home institution for whatever reason. On do that pre allocation presentational program. You will apply to that before you the, um, application in there. Open. So that's another option. Okay, Okay. Sorry. Go. Oh, sorry. Okay. Confused. Uh, so I'll go to the application criteria. And now for the normal population program. So the application criteria for the normal UK Foundation program, which ever one applies to, um regardless off any subprime grams, you apply it to heal, be broken up to two sections. So your educational performance measure, which is 50 points in total on do you ST T, which is 50 points in total, say e p m. The maximum me to get for your medical school ranking is 43. So if you under top, that's I'll your got 43 points. Um, if you in a second, you're they're 42 points, except your cetera Onda. The remaining seven points off that 50 is for your extracurricular activity on a cheese mints so you can get to five points for actual degrees, I think. PhDs five points. Very few people will have five points by an extra degrees. First class in a B S. C. Um, maybe four planes on, then 2.4 publications if you have any. So one that's one point per publication. So if you have more than two for the normal, you take every program. It won't really count towards much, and you have to make sure you're each of your publications has apartment I D. Because sometimes you can publish in papers of journals. I don't have a problem and I d on. Do you have to ensure that any complications you do that work towards you pull folio, have apartment lady on any presentations that you do? They do not count in the U. K F. P. And this is the Normal Clinical Foundation program. Um, yeah, it's mixed mean mainly you're ranking in medical school and your STD. So the STD is for those of you don't know is a situational vision test. Quite. It's quite similar to the short one, which you did drink a UK cap, but it's a lot longer it was around three hours. I remember correctly. And, um, is it out of a twist off you that the school's out or 50? Um, is this Worth equipment has the same equivalence to five years? Um, it's 45 years of medical school, which is interesting on Yeah, it's very hit or miss exam. There's not much you can do to prepare for it. Um, so it really is there just to kind of make sure that everyone school's kind of average out the same. So you don't have all that really, really smart people or not smart, but really, really like hard working people in one in one location. So this kind of distribution of abilities in a little hospitals around the UK So that's that and for the specialized foundation program. So this is the Academic Foundation program originally, um, which is the one that I'm doing? And the good thing about this program is that they don't take into contrast ct eso My STD school wasn't taken into account. I did okay. I was quite average score, so I was quite glad and said they don't take into STT. They do take into your country medical school ranking. Um, and the white space questions is well, so they have ice these questions. They are a group of questions that you have to answer, um, indicating why you want to do a specialized foundation program. Um, like I mentioned before this three types of specialized foundation program for research one which is purely clinical research that you do for four months. Then there's a leadership of management one where you look up policies and try to think of a new pool. If you come up with a new policy to change something within the system, him within the system and then the final is educational. So you were four months trying to create a new teaching program for undergraduate first projects, um, to get into the specialist foundation program. It is a bit more time consuming and quiet is a lot more work. Um, so from this year on words, he needs five publications, five presentations on five prices. You don't you need all five for each one. But as they're quite competitive, I think it is highly recommended. You have, um, a couple from each criteria, um, also with the presentation's. If you present the same present. Same present, the same poster, more than ones. It's not normally counted as two separate presentations. This country has one. Unless you presented a one internationally on one nationally, then the contest to presentations where most of the time you can only present it all has to be a little different posters or all assist you, Um, and then you also have an interview for the SFP. See, you'll be interviewed. If you are shortness it, you'll be interviewed. You can be rejected before interview or is after the after interview. If you make it to the interview around that will consist of it's, um, generally clinical scenarios under research, and I'm under resist component on then, um yeah, and the city's that I'm considered. Um, also, I was going to mention, um with the Psychologist Foundation partnership, but she didn't go into much detail. So with this, um, you still complete the six clinical rotations within F one F two when you do the psychiatry foundation partnership with any difference with this one is that you will, um, is that you'll have extra teaching and extra, um, supports towards gaining greater understanding off the psych I psych impact of different chemical specialties still have birth resort, have pending to 10 conferences, have time out to do some work on education activities on psychiatry. But this is all wrong side your normal and foundation program. But yeah, that's really if you guys have any other questions, please, that, you know. Okay. Thank you so much, Doctor. Mess are for your talk. Let me. I'm just going to check the chart and see if there's any questions for you. Um um, understood? Is it true the, um, publications and additional degrees will not count towards your left? The applications in future years. And I did hear this. I'm not sure what the conclusion was on that I went from. So I went from the most up to the guidance from the website and this year that this was this was all true. But this current year, um, I don't know what it will be like a head that this is going to be the case in a year's time, but I'm not exactly sure. Sorry. I have a question. How was the process for you? For applying for foundation program? Um, I think it I think those who applied the specialized foundation program. You can be quite stressful. It can be extremely stressful because there's just so much that you need to add any pretty well, you know. And sometimes the time comes to apply and you do not feel that it's cheaper for you is ready on. Do you really want to do this program? But then you just don't think you have a chance on. Then it was trying to, you know, he's trying to do as much as he kind of saw spirit of time nearing to the application time. Um, there's a lot to prepare for the interviews, and there's a lot to prepare for the whites. Big question. So it can be quite stressful. Um, but also, besides that the normal you kft program, I think there's enough decision to be made. Oh, well, you want to be. And I think that can be quite stressful for a lot of people. So So these are the Dean Aries. So the whole of the UK is split into Diener ease and you apply to specific Diener e While you're you have to apply to them all. We have to run thumb. And so when you rank them because some dinners are so big, you might want to be say and say Northwest, you want to be in Manchester. But with the diarrhea so big, if your if your school isn't that great, you might end up in minute on the outskirts, off the Northwest, in every, like the aisle of man. And, you know, it's quite it's quite stressful, and you have very little control over it. Um, I think it's not fun process and just have to tell yourself why you want to be in a specific indication. Um, mostly want to get the bigs of harmony, your friends pen. You just have to tell you, Yeah, I think it's no fun process that'll Yeah, imagine I have got quite a couple is for that. Yeah. What what advice would use would give yourself or, like, give medical students who are like myself, who are like going to apply in a couple years time? Mostly, um, don't stress out about it, because even though they said it was stressful, only thing the time I didn't think the stress is useful Stress. This is Point Mistress, because, um, it's only two years is only two years and it'll go so fast, and it makes no difference whatsoever to where you apply for your specialty Training percent you are way more important on day are more long term on also those two years you can even in medical school when you're trying to get the best grades or prepare operation the best possible way. The SED is such a awful exam. I have assisted of control over that that could really mess up your EKG m. And then, um, there's so many factors a shot out of your control that, um just do what you can do. But don't worry about it too much. Um, I think we'll even in terms of hospitals and people are being like main teacher big teaching hospitals. He has That's that may be nice, Like it may seem nice on paper, but the experience may not be that great because you're really busy. And this morning DJ ages in the middle of nowhere. It may be better for your learning. So yeah, I think just go with the flow. Uh, don't think about it too much. Just do what you can and then just leave your best life. That's the big give your best like, yeah, because you're gonna be in there for, like, you said, two years and sometimes two years literally fly by so fast. Really done. Yeah. And also, let me show you. So when I said the foundation prior to program, that is for locations which are not very so really can't get training to apply, then they can't retain the trainees. The's like places in the middle of nowhere. Right? Andi, um, when you apply to this program that they offer a lot of incentives. So, like so with those programs, you actually do You get to choose which specialty. He wanted you to let you tailor your clinical rotations to whatever you want to do, which is unheard of in the other programs. They also give you, like money or birth Reason. Do you like actual quantifications? You get Teo, get, like time off every week, like once a week in the second year to do some more academic activity. Even if you haven't applied to the SFP on given 17 years, give you cut way higher salary on. Do you know I'm looking at that now and I'm like, Oh, maybe I should have a great decision. Uh, yes. Oh, yeah. Said that's that is only two years I didn't go see. Quit goes so so quick. Um, but yeah, Agent three D Depends what you want for May um, it's Thank you so much, Doctor. Message for talking on can feel free to stick around until the webinar has finished Just in case If there's any more questions for you at the end, you will address them on bank you weigh Have Doctor Tembo. Um he's going to give you a side into foundation training in the perspectives from Zambia. So, Doctor Tembo, if you're there, I think he is. Hopefully it's summer, I think. Think what you give me. Yeah, I can hear you if you're able to share your screen. Well, your presentation don't remember. I think he might know. Oh, I think that's been, uh, his book. Sorry, guys. For the second, The difficulty the temper. Hello. Ah, you able to Yes, I know. Yep. We can hate it. I looked out. Oh, okay. Okay. Um yeah, You would see my screen. Um, not No. Yeah. Now, now it's starting to Yeah, perfect. If you just put that into a full screen. Okay? Yeah, let me do that. Um, let me do that. Put it for screen. Um, okay. Want to do it? If you just show you a screen on your presentation and then click from beginning at the top. Okay? My bones, We're just trying to, um okay, trying to Yeah. Okay. Okay. Uh, let me do this. Let me do it this way. So, you guys for these and technical problems did you happen? Sometimes, though, you have the valve done in just a minute or two just to sort that out. I'm doctor number if you share your screen. Like how you were doing it before because we saw the presentation. Okay, so there's a presentation. Um, perfect. And then, yeah, from beginning, if you take that. Okay. Okay. I'll have everything. Thank you. Thank you. Uh, so welcome. Eso think he wants again for giving me an opportunity to speak to you? Um, so we are talking about insight into foundation training in samba. I'm Dr Temple. I trained from the University of Zambia. I'm cranky Master's student at the investiture. Burgeoning, uh, focusing on the global health. Um, so a person of background so I trained from the interest of Zambia from 10 to 13 to 2020 on in 2017. I graduated with my first degree, which is a bachelor of science, a human biology on. Then in 2020 you graduated with my second degree, which is a bachelor of medicine on battle of surgery. I'm currently practicing medicine as a junior resident medical officer, in this case, our foundation doctor, as it's called in the UK um, at the University Teaching Hospital in the soccer. So as a daily alluded to I'm interested in global health and I'm in road as a student at the Invest of Bergen and then open scholarship on I'm basically interested in research research around non communicable diseases around Nutrition Equity as well as using implementations, has reached such frameworks to carry out my research in entities as well as that nutrition. So basically what we want to start with is the requirements, firstly, what what is required to practice medicines? Ambien. That's the stuff that's our our starting point. So exam be just like in any other country, walk over. You needed a degree in medicine so you would even need to have a bachelor of sensing Ah, Battle of medicine and the Bachelor of surgery and embassy. It's B or indeed an MBA BS degree. So if you're forwarding trains, uh, that is to say, in this case, a foreign trend. Doctor, I'm talking about somebody who is trained outside Zambia. So if your foreign trained, uh, once you have obtained your embassy, HBO, um, PBS degree, it needs to be verified by the Zambia Politic Asians Authority, uh, for one to practice medicine in samba on once you have your degree. Very fight. If your local trained you do not need to go through this process because it's already validated upon graduation from medical school. So upon verification of your your degree, you get a provisional registration with the health professionals. Cancel exam. Be a HP See is that now to obtain the provisional extraction, one is to sit for licensing exam. So previously we had both locally trained doctors and foreign trained doctors. Previously, only one set of doctors used to write this exam, which are the foreign trained doctors. So if one training Zambia upon graduation, that would easily get a provisional registration or being the provisional registration of medical doctors, but that has since changed. So both locally trained doctors and foreign trend of this beginning next year are both going to require to write a licensing exam after the 10 their medical degree. And then you need the work permit in the police clearance as a lesser certificate of medical fitness on Ben or doctors in Samba, A foundation levels are employed by the Public Service Management Division. And so this is the government division that actually employs doctors. So what really is the training structure in stamp? Yeah, so in some, be a a foundation doctor in the UK I believe you quit if I won if I too, so those foundation years and samba are are put together on that is called a junior resident medical officer a J a M o. So within our our context, whenever we say foundation doctor, whenever I mentioned uH, J. R. A. M. Or Junior is the medical officer. I'm talking about the foundation doctor because that's what we call them here in samba on when one's done with. Being a junior isn't medical officer, which lasts about one year, six months to about two years, depending on where you trend. So for locally trained doctors, this period of being a foundation doctor, junior resident, medical officer lasts about one year, six months on. For those that are foreign. Train disappeared LAX for two years. So once that is done, one who's on to becoming a senior resident medical officer at this stage of one's training, they are sent to a rural health center. Um, or they would be sent to a district hospital that that's where they're going to practice their medicine from on. Then our next level is a registrar on Registrar is someone who's already who's specializing in this guest in a particular field of medicine, beach and internal medicine, in obstetrics and gynecology or in surgery, the various forms of the various departments of surgery. That's a register. And once it done with your masters in medicine, that's the qualification you get. After our four years or so, especially training, you become a senior register on, then eventually you become a consultant. So this, like pretty much pre emptive what have really alluded to where we talking about primarily foundation training is with junior resident medical officer lasting for one year, six months to two years. So in some be a we have about five universities that train doctors. Locally, we have the University of Zambia, where I trained from. It's the largest university as well as the oldest university that trains medical doctors. And then we have the Copay Belt University. Lusaka affects Medical University Mulungushi as well as coverage. So these are the local Ah University Is that actually trained medical doctors on? Then you also have the vast majority of medical doctors in samba being trained outside the country right now. So all these primarily come from China or Russia or General, I should say Eastern Europe. So many medical doctors in samba. Right now I'm training in either Eastern Europe for in China or indeed Russia. So where does one really What places Could one train from insomnia. So the structure is is set in such a way that you have 10 provinces in samba. On in each of these provinces you have the hospital that is credited for young doctors or foundation doctors toe actually practice medicine from or train? No, that they're resource is on the expertise in these various locations. Actually, um various. Well, so the best facilities are usually at the oldest training center, which is the university teaching hospital. So that that's the oldest hospital within our country on each primarily houses, um, most or, um, the medical doctors in the country. So the vast majority of doctors are far this side, but then you have about 20 science that actually trained medical doctors. Out of these 20 cents, you have about 6 to 7 of the night being with soccer soccer is the capital city exam you on do it is, um, the most populated, um, city with insomnia. So majority off the doctors are sent within, um, the training centers within Lusaka. So you have about 6 to 7 of these. That that actually, how's the doctors? It should be noted that private hospitals, they're not trained. Um, junior doctors. So one has to pastorate government system for them to obtain a food practicing license. So you cannot go to private hospital as a junior doctor and want to train or practice. You need to actually go through the government system for a minimum of the stated period, which is one in six months to two months to two years. Then you could switch to a private sector, but the private sector doesn't check foundation doctors. In's Ambien, every foundation doctor is absorbed into the government system. So the picture that are putting is just an example. Or is the picture off our largest hospital, which is the investigation hospital? It's the oldest hospital that we have in our country. Our next picture is a picture off a new hospital, which is the living one. Also University Teaching Hospital. This hospital, um, is the most more than off hospitals in our country. It has the most modern infrastructure on it has it has a large big capacity. Um then the next big state of attached are attached. Is that of challenges? First of all, it's so it's another another training hospital that we have. So we you know, soccer. As I said, we have, um, some smaller sites that trained medical doctors. We have two main ones, which were the two pictures I showed you the left one also university teaching hospital, as well as the invested teaching hospital you th commonly called do th and Zambia. So these two hospitals primarily house most doctors. But then you have first level hospitals that also trained young doctors. We have about 4 to 5 of them that absolutely absorb young doctors and train them as well. So this is one of them, which is a challenge. A festival hospital. So within foundation training in Samba, one has to actually passed through four rotations for them to absolutely obtain their food practicing license. So one has to go through in 10. A medicine one has to go through pediatrics. One has to go through surgery on well, has to go through obstetrics and gynecology. So these four, How's the main stay off young doctors or foundation doctors in our country? So one has to go through all these rotations for them to be, um, certified a senior resident Medical officers on actually practice medicine independently? Something. How much time does one actually spend in these rotations? But I've talked about if one is touring strange one who spend a minimum of six months in each off the for it Asians. So that's why, for in trained doctors actually spend longer. So they spent two years to complete the internship or their foundation training, where, as locally trained doctors spend three months in medicine on three months in pediatrics on. Then they will, Like they're foreign trend counterparts. Spend six months in the surgical. So the other thing that might be some connection issue is Yeah, actually, you're sorry about that. Just give us once. One minute, two minutes. Let me see you. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. I think Dr, um, Timber was back with us. Hopefully no doctor. Temporary meted. Everything is looking, you know, not help. Um, connection issues as well. So about this guy's some technical issues that we can help with you, can you him? You know? Yeah, we can. Yes. Okay. Sorry about that. Uh, let me show you my screen again. I'm a spin visible, and it's it says you started. We started screen sharing, so hopefully he just let me know when I'm visible. Okay. Thank you. Yeah, I think it's showing now. Yeah. Okay. So sorry about sorry about that. I got looked out. Um, once again, I was saying, um, a medical doctor in samba is actually going to work for seven days or for six days. Unless the on call, they would do seven days. Um, I is my voice very clear. Yes. Okay. So medical doctor and somebody will work for seven days for six days, rather. Um, let's don't call them. I do a seven day, which is Sunday, So, really, how How is their course? Should you, um oriented? Oh, how is the a day oriented? So pretty much, Um, you have Okay, So pretty much you have. Um this is a typical schedule and medical rotation. Um, the way. The way a junior resident doctor will actually work one of Mondays, they may have a registry around. So as I said, a registrar is a doctor. That is actually especially strange. So depending on where you are, um, beat option going, beat internal medicine, but surgery or the pediatrics you have registrars around. So when a Monday, you might have around with them. During this round, you're going to be able to get insights on the virus conditions of the patients. When you what? You have some clinical discussions on each of the patients there. Um and you're going to get experts input on how best you can actually manage that patient. Uh, on this round. Then on a Tuesday, you been co I will discuss or talk about how cool shade you actually looks like, um, So you actually have I call it pushes you. Then on Wednesday, you before school. Meaning on Wednesday you will be resting. Ordinarily, one paper you should be resting, but, um, I will talk a little bit about it. As I talk about the question on Thursday, you have what we call a measure. What ground? So what is the major? What drone? You actually have another opportunity to go around, Um, all patients or review your patients with your unit consultant Onda on a Friday. You you as a as a junior doctor watching do it around on your own because the seniors maybe in clinic, so they'll be handling clinic while you 100. What, on your own? However, you can actually call your seniors if you need any expert input on Saturday. Um, you can actually you actually have another soul around on your own in the world. You can also call your rate stress if you need any re import. It should be noted that every day J. Aramony's will see their patients on the what, regardless of what they are doing, Whether they are on call, whether they are Post Co. They actually have to see the patients on the world. So, uh, this is a similar said you to the medical center, but this is off the surgical one. The only difference is that with the surgical schedule is you actually have theater days on the theater day that have included year is an elective. Get a day, which might be a Friday, but pretty much you actually have similar stages to those, uh, off, um, on the medical side. So, really, the role of a junior doctor or junior wrist in medical officer is really to click patients to diagnose the patients on to provide treatment for the patients, okay, for carry out treatment bands or to make treatment plans for these patients. So you also carry up basically surgical as well as medical procedures. Such a number punctures, ascetic taps, three taps. You should be able to switch as a young doctor on indeed, carry out very basic things. The things that I expected off our junior doctor you should be able to follow up Are investigations that done beat bloods beach imaging. So whether you've had a full blood count you on these, uh, liver function test, whatever bloods that you have grown, you should be able to follow them up. A Zar junior resident medical officer as well as the images that you have sent a patient to do. Beat an MRI, beach and X ray should actually be able to follow them up and interpret these investigations. Then you have patients that may be going in the theater. You should be able to actually, um uh, prepare these patients for theater whether they're going in for other procedure such as bronchoscopy and those copy, they should be prepared. So yours. A junior resident medical officer have the rule actually preparing this patient, um, for these procedures. In addition, June Mental. What ground? When you consultant his day, you should be able to present each patient to the consultant. The consultants should see that you know the patients on your way of the conditions. So that will be the change. Um, in the determining factor as to whether you progress in your internship or not. If the consultants sees that you are not able to articulate the cases, well, then they might actually force you to actually stay longer in the rotation. So rather than spending three months For example, you might spend six months in one place whether or rather than spending six months, you might spend a whole year internship in one department because your chest presentations have been poor during the major. What ground? So during the mention, what wrong? This is a time where you can actually show the consultant that you know what you do. You and you have been taking care of the patients adequately on. Then you should also be able to prepare week reports. So every week you should be able to post to the consultants and tell them which patients who had, which patients who discharged. Why discharge those patients on what follow up plans you have for each patient that you actually had or actually discharged. So that's also the rope off the junior doctor. No, a big day us. Off the young doctors accord A. A quarter is the day that you actually let me get patients. This is the day when you actually save lives in the emergency room as a young doctor, So I've given a practical example how my day was while I was in pediatrics. So according typically last 24 hours or longer, depending on the number of doctors that you actually have within your rotation. So my shades, you was that in the morning. And this is typically a schedule of many other junior wrist in medical medical officers would report a six hours in our body. So for about six hours to 7. 50 you do it or what around? So you be doing their regular things. You do every day. So you've seen your patients in the world. However, please, not that your own co. So, court, they actually starts at eight hours. But then because you be in the emergency room, units start failure. So you come at six to start the what droned and then trying to finish it, um, as quickly as possible. Then you go to the emergency room at eight. So from 8 to 13 hours you'd be in the emergency room on. Then you take a vitamin. It's lunch break, resume a 13 30 on different in you. You're around that you had to 16 hours on from 16 hours. So this round, from 15 32 16 hours is around that you actually started at six hours. So from 6 to 7 50 you're doing around in the what? Then From 15 32 16 hours, you go back to the what to finish that round on. Then at 16 hours, you return to the admission room or to the emergency room or the courtroom. So at that point, you resume your call. So while you are in there in the admission room or, uh, while you're in the words while you're doing the what work from 13 13 to 16 hours on Dwell your lunch break. Another junior resident doctor is covering a shift within the emergency room. So at 20 hours, depending on the numbers, you might not go from your core. So sometimes you find that the numbers inadequate. You do not have enough junior doctors in the world, so you would actually stay from 20 to the next day. But if you have enough numbers, for example, in pediatrics, at one point we actually had a sufficient number of our junior doctors so would not go for 20 on go back to the hospital at three or 4. 30 in the morning. So from 04. 30 to 6. 30 you resume, you want drawn, so you start another round in the wood on that 6. 30 You go join your registrants doing a post admission around. So now you start looking at the patients that you had admitted during your courtship. So you do that from 6. 30 to about 8. 30. They're not 8. 30 to 9. 30. You followup investigations from the patients that you have just reviewed with your register than your consultant in the road. You're in the post admission around. So you follow up blood. You look at the admitted patient, so you do that for about an hour. Then from 9. 30 when you're done to 12 hours, you go back to the what? To start or to continue the round that you started at your 4. 30. So from about 9. 30 to 12 hours, you know, finish that rondo. Then from 12 hours to 13 hours, you do some procedures on your what beat that the patient needs. Repeat of a pullback count. The patient needs to be wooed toe X ray department for nature to be done. Um, and various other investigations, maybe patient is on a city top patient is a little top patient is a lumbar puncture whatever procedure that needs to be done, you do from about four goes to 13 hours, then you go out for lunch. Break from about taking 2. 14. So this period of time I'm talking about the next day. Is your post cording So? Ordinarily, posco should be a day that you got to rest. But really, as a junior doctor, that doesn't happen. You actually have to continue working. So you do procedures on go for lunch, break from about 18 14. Then from 14 to 16, you actually remain in the watch. Two coverage. So what I mean by what coverage is that you look at the critical patients that you had in the world. There was an old oxygen, those that are in a cute baby. You want to look at them more closely. So you take care of those patients from 14 to 16 hours on, then a 16 hours. When you're done looking at those acute patients, you hand over the patient to the team that is currently on court in the emergency room. So this is a typical should you off the junior resident doctor on call. It's quite intensive on. It's quite hectic and it is indeed very tiring. But then all the more so you get satisfaction because you have helped so many people on you have saved so many lives. So, uh, just a project. Example. What's on the ground in samba? I'll use the university teaching hospital as a case in point because, um, that's the oldest and the most advanced off hospitals within our our our country. So if you're irritating internal medicine within internal medicine as a junior resident, you be assigned a unit. So we have five units, uh, at the university teaching Hospital with the cardiology unit. We have the GI unit. We have an infectious disease and prominent Ridge unit. We have a hematology and endocrinology unit, Acela's arena units. So you have five units as a junior is that you are signed the unit and that's the unit or those are the patients are going to be looking, so you are more or less leaning towards a special specialty. But then you, um, you are a general practitioner, so you assist you assist the specialists in those particular unions. A surgery on opposite got a notation is also divided into three months into three months sections. So, as a junior extension, somebody spent three months in a general unit, which is generous surgery in this case on. Then you also spent three months, you know, in orthopedics surgery as a junior doctor was a foundation doctor. You don't spend time in your surgery. You don't spend time in urology or thumb ology, or, indeed, ent. So you're not spend time in surgical subspecialties. Know you just spend time in general surgery on orthopedic surgery. However, on your court, you admit various patients coming in vast omens beat an ent patient, be to urological patients. You will actually look at these patients in office, and dying is divided into three sections. You spent two months in a pathetic so two months and gynecology on one month in the neonatal intensive care unit. That way you'll be done. So Jeremy's or junior resident officers and somebody actually learn basic surgical skills. They will learn how to sutra the lane happen, said I cities. If they're orthopedics, they should be able to take a patient, the theater and carry out manipulation under anesthesia. For the various are fractures that someone might come with. They should be able to do simple i India's. They should be able to debride wounds so you actually get a full, uh, practical off social skills as a junior doctor. Furthermore, if you're obstetrics and gynecology should be able to perform two. Things should be able to perform the manual vacuum aspiration as well as a cesarean section. So whether it patient is the one previous lease to previous Caesar's as a junior resident, officers should be able to carry out C sections. So C sections I keep component off training in samba for a junior. Isn't medical officer with rotating within obstetrics and gynecology on then? You also have a privilege off being part off organizations affiliate organizations. He's affiliate organizations are registered under a main body, which is the Zumba Medical Association, popularly called Zetia may So that may have something affiliate body's depending on the rotation if we have the women, the Medical Women Association of Zambia with the Surgical Society of Zambia Association Off Gynecologists and Obstetricians, So various organizations affiliated to this body. So the foundation doctors have this that these bodies that they conjoined depending on what future interesting actually have, and then you have local bodies. The Resident Doctors Association of Body. This is the body that really covers the needs of junior residents. There were fair, the professional being, any payroll concerns that they may have, as well as any relationship that they need to strengthen with the senior colleagues. This whole comes under the um, the Resident Doctors Association of Zambia on junior Doctors wishing to find for positions in these organizations are actually eligible to pull out the manifesto. So what really, of the advantages of training insomnia? Well, as I've seen, oh, as you ever may have seen, you have a lot of work. So you actually get 100 training. You get exposed to so many patients on you see various conditions and that actually shop interpreting co skills on Do you actually have good practical in terms of sexual rotations on then? It's easy drug 16 years because many training as registrars, it's easy to easily call them. If you need any concerns there originally accessible on, then it's easy to move into. Especially straining is on there. You don't have any difficulties choosing on there's very little competition which ever special to you actually want to do within example you actually do that? Specialty? Be neurosurgery, be it orthopedic spine surgery, whatever occasion you actually want to do you actually enter that program Because we don't have so many doctors on. So enter in these programs is not difficult. The disadvantage that comes now, the challenges that come from foundation training is that is, um be a, uh We have, um, poor focusing research. So they're many young doctors, a gene and doctors, you know, to possess research skills. Another is a work off a lot, but sometimes it comes to overwhelming. And you may have noted the financial incentives are not so much as well as a diagnostic challenge is in terms of city scans, MRI's, that cuts across the whole spectrum of the medical system is Ambien. That's a challenge that you as a junior doctor, actually going to experience while you're training. So this is what I prepared. Thank you very much. Okay. Thank you very much from that talk Timber. A lot of time when I was a lot off the soda about how the schedule is like and it's very, quite different from the way it works in the UK as well. Um, and how you guys have to go through a whole system, know to actually get a final stage, do it. A government system that you mentioned before? Yeah. So yeah. Doesn't look like, um there are any questions. Okay, um which means, I think we hoping. Okay, that doesn't look like there's any questions coming in based on our life chat. Um, but thank you very much for giving us a talk today about the temple. I was very interesting with the learned more about, um hum, this system looks where you are in some be a um so now we're just gonna have a five minute break and most start all second talk in about to three minutes. I think we're running a bit over time, but it's fine. Okay. Thank you, dear. Yeah, okay. Yeah. Then, yeah. Okay. Okay. Okay. Hi, guys. In Welcome back. Uh, so it was a pretty short break, but we want to try and run to schedule as far system as consistently as you can. So we're not just gonna introduce on next webinar? And this is a bit different because unfortunately, one of the doctors could not be as a day. So we've got approved calling session of him. So our next talk would be, um Carina, You normally we shed a slide. Yes, I will. So, for next talk, we've got insight into special training. And our first doctor is Dr er area who is a cardiologist. We're not in her. Um however, he's not free today, so we will be playing a pretty according that we have with him. And we've got our second speaker who will be life after this. Let me know. You get your email now. We need it. Okay. The reason I took the Ari. So welcome, everyone. That will be April recording that we play in our feelings. My conference on the 17 off October. So thank you for joining us today. And I would like to introduce our speaker today for our second weapon off the day. Doctor. A r E. Thank you very much for that. Really warm invite, Johnny on from the opportunity to just share about my journey stories, I want you to waste a little event that medical students and see you to the medical students. Well, um, that's okay. So, um, our topic today is basically an insight into the specialty training as a doctor, can you just tell us a little bit about your background? And you're in this process that you went through to get to where you are today? Of course. Yes. On. I studied in the UK on said, Been stopping This is Boston and I graduated back in 2016 as nearly very active medical student in two years on Do Geo Doctor Training or Junior. How substituting in range of specialties, medicine straight. That's it's on TV general practice. They're really good findings. You have a heart. That system works in your case, on really are supported in that two years is different. Find out what specialty want to from the teachers and hides or blotches on my own testing. We came, um, very opportunities were not critical with some people such a chick managing. And I was very interested in medicine after my house up straining on. So I applied strength court late in the day. That's Colin's. My downs over the court, playing at core medical pains, right? Two parts in on wood, only interested in special to the medicine. And that may be a slightly more advanced but still fundamental to your appreciation hospital to the medicine works, and I did. Six Little special concern is shaking. Hematology came. It's been in intensive care, real medicine in cardiology on then. Usually well, maybe because of curb it. Men are perfect ready to his doctors. Which part on our teens? Many respects more time in a certain mutation. Doing fine, but that's all. Coaches and keys you used to do a check. So what grade are choosing? I spend more time in intensive care, and that gave me the opportunity to tease out. Is that kind of thing? Like what? The future or joint medical speciality? And also time through times when orders exciting. That's our cruise but made great. Got to spend time team for a long time. I got to understand, with specialty, more detail about any confirmed, Um, yeah, so that was going to just just even if someone said, You know where I'm at, right finish core training bench legs and did it here time cardiology that mattered. Genes like, Well, I'm sorry you more about that Charming. That's more question, but medical specialties in general, growing like that's for allergy quality care that let's just can't keep going on the brain. Real and little young college E It's really so broad on DCU implicated. Did you find them in to the injectable of these specialties, relaxing to decide where you want to, very where you want to get your tent cracked out. Korea. Wow, that's a lot of experience is right there. Definitely. I appreciate color stories you can share with your friends and family. Um, I guess the one thing I do wonder is, why cardiology? Yeah, right dress he on. I'll be watching this question for the rest of my life. Medicines all about way. You can make an impact where you have the opportunity to experience on do what impresses you as well on. I've always had a bit of the invested ideology. I did my electives and party grasses and 40 minutes and and roared and before him, some medical sports fascinated by a heart heart concentration, how you look after the heart and medication for lone cholesterol, or prevent your in your diets and all of these parts of health care. What your fundamental both the hospital but also part of aspirin with salad teens, one of the biggest causes of death and you came grow bleach on taking Western countries on my experience with a didn't ideology baking Courteney and now working as a fellow ideology has been really bored, and that is a huge asset. You have space for everybody. There is that quite procedural, heavy intervention when the same things where he's at the imaging and being echocardio would be seeds the morning or more. IVs check. Progress is there's a card, too. Hot step tricks and 10, It's a tautology or even congenital cardiology. When was the research? That's a green, such a variety aspects of cardiology to get my teeth into, and it's really fast in my mind with the stages of ascites. That's always events to go into, more like to patient places that done on. But it just really is the nice sweet spot between ball of my specs. That's what I enjoy them on energy in the next 18, in the lines, just blind, getting a good reading there that you didn't try, that you're watching the nuances um, cat dragged with pretty impatient is we'll do in stances. Fantastic specials applies supportable of medicines on DVD competition, track certain personalities, but you want to use a great work, but I really want to be a part of that. So taking time out to the insured, that's what we'll do. But I've got friends and proteins in there. Say, that's a neat Dawson said. Mine lives across the board, intelligent on detoxifying the space, but makes it off. Is you so much opportunity to find what space a few patient up Teo people times and with the core training, make a decision? Yeah, it is. It's very happening is that there's always something to look forward to going. They're going getting like, Oh, I want to try that one kind of one, definitely being that. Wow. Okay, so you've come a long way went to, you know, get to where you are today. Um, do you have any tips that you want to give you? Let's say, you know, thought anyone, audiences, they're interested to maybe take the same similar route, especially training. Have any tips that you like to give them? Yeah, it's really good question. Certainly. Um, it's a great question, too, I would say. Take a time buying's buying what really invest to every bit of your brain will provide you with abscess last one because the race is quite long moved to this starts to really teams 18 19, initially twenties. We'll get working. It's over 70 plus. So I would certainly advocate for enjoying the Jimmy and I wear a tendency not being afraid to try the big things on name is that big job Well, bursts and all of the different presentations and disease that you're coming across and we'll be able to make the right decision in your patients on. And so you might have understand, wasn't have getting years of medical school and getting through medical school on getting your first bite of training and breast assured that we're making good progress and we might have small life that ends that will be a better routine down the line and hiking medicines. Great specialty. It's always seen a specimen on the dog Do lots of nights, possibly 10 spots on call. But actually, as you create the dresses, those skills and loan don't just leave it direct straight line. That's what exponential and time it takes you through the things that you're doing, that one you can do a lot quicker and also bigger, academically that would be smartly appoints the best people around you and open, and then you have three reported the tests to do. Talk toward them. That's okay. You can start me on a show you the pump into decadent speakers to come in presents, and you have the finance team and administrative treatment PRT. We're all going to work. That's always good. Me check that, and you just it runs, then, Yeah, it was It was great. I think that's very similar medicine on. But that's why I want to see patients speak to them, have a great team around from the no accidents to physiologists and where the technicians in medical department, to the rehab team to the imaging team. It's fantastic and have that variety work with. That's impressive because the outcome is always back to then individual. In the summer, a lot of people's hardware covered because fight, it just took the individual. That's great because people were together. The happens once fantastic. See that my job was wrong. Well, that's amazing. Yeah, it's always the new one is the people you work with. Write it really counts and like, you know, everyone's got their own personality different skills. But when you put it all together like that's what comes. Um, yeah, that's me angry. Could not agree more of you on that. Uh, well, it's got three women is less Oh, so I guess you know, I think it's time for me in one more question. Um, as you know our audience. We've got people from the UK from Zambia and I may be a no. What's what is it about the medical degree? Or like the process here that that you like about like, Why did you choose to do medicine in the UK? Gosh, that's a great question. So Oh, I understand a second medicine actually knows really grateful on do their doctors from all over the World Hospital. It's really many United Nations. Every time I get to work, you got to see it between two people in the world on with gold, and that's really control of a job. On that meet people, patients and staff on idea. It's more blow, and then your job gets do anything that's great. Well, I think it's always nice set because every country distance in the way best acting their patients electives, work, experience, events like this Beautiful because you get to speak and I'm hearing from people in the world. I was born in the UK Andi wants to say Okay, so I think a captain, all the sides and pains and staying. But when I did my activities that that that I would also really impressed with how they came out care. We're in the environment. I'm not people from the media and samba Bob annoyed with loss of travel. Did that mean brings the next for my elected? I'm still pending today and that's from the base of the hiring, but also from Europe, Germany, Switzerland and he So healthcare's agreeable global events where you country recognize station on Symbicort, you said before when you share ideas and track of people with or hurting where you are working out control, it's fantastic on I get opportunity to go to on some of these other countries that you mentioned that president today. Okay, National incredible. The Jews, you being looked at to come meet you guys, they keep chasing on, but yet it's a quick elected. You would want to incredible work and things like baseball hours to to share with destructive Yeah, I mean, it's important that, you know, that's why we do these events for people to learn about the different stories. You know, like I come from a very different place. Healthcare in back home and Malaysia is completely different from the UK. It's just interesting to see the different experiences that all the different doctors around the world we're experienced. No. Deep down, we don't do medicine. Yeah, but it's just a different way way. It's interesting you say that because I left. My parents grew up with Onda nuances A getting medication and base for that. I'm a doctor is available on the electricity use generators, you say, far away from my understanding. You okay on your GP shape and have incredible any chest. Is is the service on a movie? Crowds kept working, but get into to see another statin. That system to be easy. Yeah, definitely. Well, thank you very much. I think we're going to come to the end off our little, uh, obviously a conversation, actually, more than the decision. I hope everyone here enjoy listening to Dr er ease experiences and his stories about his path and why he chose it. How he got there, um, and enjoy the rest of the conference. I think that's I mean, they can look. Thank you. Now we have Doctor John who is already here. Thank you. Um, got it done. If you share your presentation. Yes, Um I can, um let me make you that so that you go. Okay, I hear me. Yeah, we can hear you have it before I start just to introduce myself. I, uh Well, I finished medical school in 1997. I have, um, yes, I went to the University of Cape Town, and my interest area is always be in family medicine. And that's why I've seen at the University of Libya for last two years. And prior to that, I was mostly in a informal settlement in Cape Tom called Kyleena. Um, it was a 12 doctor Polyclinic with the 24 hour casualties sided everything. I primary like HIV and TB, trauma and rheumatology. Um, I became my own specialist without having to go get a piece of paper. But I have had a lot of friends who specialized. I've my clinic. We used a lot of locals. Well, where would we call registrars of superhuman. Rachel straws from Zimbabwe was specializing in in Cape Town from all over Africa. That would come. And so I have a little bit of idea what happens to all the specializations particular in the South African context. And that's really what I'm going to be sharing today. All right? Thank you. Okay. Yeah. Okay. All right. Um, I know that the topic is specialization, but I want you to almost think differently about specialization, because there's a kind of, um, specialization beasts at medical school where everybody asks, you know, you know, what are you going to specialize in? But I think you know, sometimes you also have to think about what is your own specialization. What do you want to do by yourself? And so, yes, it might be pediatrics or cardiothoracic surgery or could not just be working in a missionary hospital or four medicines on for years Or like what? You were just there about the virtual doctor. So what defines you? The system for you? And so what you see is what you get. And I think this is nice about this Phoenix thing is that you're gonna hear different voices, and I think the more you expose yourself in how you go about medicine, the more the more you're going to enjoy it and what you're going to see, the more you can make your own really decision. And I know even before I got to medical school, the chorea drives that really stood out for me was, you know, aiming for a point you're ending for a box, some big box that you're going to go into and that will help you decide. You know, you have to think a my day You're there when you're in the box, it's gonna be yes, left. Explore the box and another one I arranged, like because What problem do you want to solve in the world? So instead of thinking of what is my job is, what's the problem you want to solve? And I find what I like. Doing it at the Labia Medical School is, um, helping students develop themselves as leaders. I really do some psychic psychometric tests challenge why they're so anxious about the tests. You know, I I think of students are very anxiety driven and yeah, but I think you know we can make the we can't change the world better than what we find it to be. And along this journey, hopefully even, you know, because when you think of specializing, it's not that you just arrived is useful, unique, and you have a unique way off functioning. Eso the context with you a specialist, a doctor and intern. The question is, how do you function? And I think, um, that exploration of yourself is very important and that also will help you decide what you want to specialize in. So I think one of the things is that if you're gonna be proactive about it, it already starts at medical school because all the opportunities are they. If you're really, very, really interested in doing cardiology, then you need to already start building your CV is we heard yesterday? Um, it's important involved in academic exchangers, medical electives, research projects and yet the University of the Labia on undergraduate level. They have to do a fully fledged research project, and you can get your title to what you already interested in. Um and then obviously they're students societies. I had a lot of exposure through the Christian Medical Fellowship, and that's how I've also gotten to know medical schools around southern Africa being to you, th Zambia are being to some bob were be to Mozambique, and it's it's very interesting to see how the how medical schools have actually in the last 10 years is Papa more. The numbers are increasing, Um, but medicine is also long degree. It's infantilizing almost you. You never there yet and your your classmates to do other degrees already out in the working world. Um and so, but you need to find a passion at medical school because passion passion out. And it's not just about how much knowledge you have, what you like. You. It's also that you eat you. You're mostly questions, and we need to move to the place where we we study because we love what we're doing now because we feel failing the test. So medical school is already a place where we need to be thinking about certain things and exposing ourselves Now after that is the internship. Now in a Libya, it's two years and I won't lie. It's it's a very tough internship yet, And Libya, um, I think they work at the level of a medical officer definitely much harder than the South African intern. Um, and so internship is still, however, an opportunity to network and get to know the Libyan system. Uh, then maybe it's a very small place. There's only one medical school. So, um, the network is actually very small, and you can get to know people within a certain feel very quickly. But then off the internship, they is a little bit of ah ah problem. Because, um, you know, you're not guaranteed a job immediately. Um, and so you have to decide whether you become a GP. Uh, use go to a rural area where they will definitely the jobs in the in the the rural hospitals. Or do you hang on in the urban area trying to get a medical office? Supposed but also still think then, after internship is, you know, this little opportunity for you to network to go to conferences anywhere in the world, whether it's cardiology, HIV, TB, The more you expose yourself, the more you will know where you might be able to go to specialize. Something that I think, Mr Slide, um, is where that slides gone. Um, but after medical school, um, and she pointed out in a way that's slide win, but in a maybe a. There's bean a over production off medical students, not necessarily from the medical school owning a Libya, but from students who've gone abroad to study in exam be a China, Russia. And it's the massive occasion of medical education is going to create a problem. Bottleneck. What were you wait for? Internships. And so even there, you have to think about what you're going to do with the time as you wait. The waiting time could be wanted to years, most probably from next year on words waiting for internships. And again, it's still doesn't mean you don't do anything. It's the place where you could do something when it comes to specialization and lot of systems are geared to specialize. Now, um, in terms of salary scale, you know, if you specialize you, you most probably guaranteed a better income. Um, if you become a jet general practitioner, you not get necessary guaranteed a better income and government system also seem to favor specialist and, um, it becomes its own system in itself. Um, in Libya, these limited specialization you could do anesthetics. Maybe in the future, we have family medicine, but the need from the millions to be trained in specialty still very high. There's a scarcity of special specialist in Libya one a Libyan, um, and so a lot of creations around specialization for maybe has been that has been funded by the government, but that funding seems to be running dry. Um, what? I've noticed a lot in South Africa, and this is how South African hospitals, like in Cape Town and your hand is burg have maintain their staff. Compliment, even though they had budget cuts, is to employ what they call supernumerary registrars. And the super human registrar is basically a register that's not paid. You have basically volunteering for four years as a registered just to get the piece of paper. Um, now, if you have government funding, that's great. You have a scholarship. That's great. But they're numerous. Cymbalta wins with sample who have come to South Africa and have managed to, um, work for four years volunteering and then normally what they do is they're local in the public health system in Cape Town, like in my clinic where they were working so they would do a registered with overtime and locum, so that's quite a commitment to getting that piece of paper. So funding is always a question, then the other question is time. You know, I mean, lot of people think, Oh, specialization. And, um, you know, you going to specialize these things. You're committing yourself to the polls now. Some people, obviously for that regard, like ophthalmology and them Atala. Gee, but I want you to think that, you know, if you like pediatrics, for example, it does not need mean that you need to become. You have to specialize in pediatrics to be a pediatrician. In my mind, you could be a general practitioner with a special interest in pediatrics. You might actually be more knowledgeable about a certain area of pediatrics than somebody who's a registrar. An actual fact. I think a pediatric registration at the moment is basically a pediatric hospitalists training. It's not a lot of pediatrics in this fullness, Um, so if your interest is, is is and that happens to not keeping specialize in in a degree, for example, like pediatrics halfway through their allies, I'm just doing hospital based medicine. That's not what really why I want to be a pediatrician. Um And so sometimes you get stuck, you know, and you have to get really motivated to try finish your registrar ship. Um, family. If you're considering starting a family as then that has big implications, especially for if you're in a Libya and you want to go to another country and all the implications of that. And then you need to know your health professionals, councils, rules. Um, health professional counselor for know? Maybe it will want you to do a four year registration. So if you go to a country we're doing it for three years. It's not going to count. Do you need to know the rules? Then, Um, now, what happens when you are a specialist? Um, in our context of the labia is through a shortage, particularly in the northern areas off Namibia. However, um, sometimes this is the challenge. I think for you, if you decide to specialize, is, is that there is a perverse preference for private work when holding a public post and neglecting clinical governance in the state hospital. Okay, in actual effect, sometimes the medical offices are really the consultant, and the intern is actually the medical officer and the six year is actually the intern in a Libya. It's tough year. Um, you know, And then the other thing is that, um I don't know. I don't think Nestle all specialists are like this, but we must be careful to copy certain behaviors of our pre decision is You know, I think we need to content eyes ourselves. And I really like the educational philosophy off. Fall off. A rare really recommended that if you read it, um, because the medical systems look very hierarchical, um, particularly in and Libya and in South Africa. And I think it's very, you know, we need to develop a new kind off, uh, teamwork and you kind of way of going about medicine Well, and one of them is actually to focus on clinical governance. Um, I think accountability is very important. But the other thing point about specialization is that in this red race, you might find that it doesn't seem to stop Um, and then people start talking about super specializing and again from the Libyans, there is no it's nothing like this. And and in Cape Tone, even South Africans will struggle to get super specialist post because they are very few paid post for that. And even so, the Africans in South Africa are taking on it as a super numerary just to do the extra two years to become a pediatric neurologist, for example. So, um, it's the nature off. Um, the big urban centers, the bigger the urban center, the greater the degree of specialization happens. And, you know, you have funny stories. Like an orthopedic surgeon only does the left shoulder in Quetta, that is how competitive it is. And privates. Um however, if you become a specialist in a smaller town, you're really gonna be everything for everybody. So specialization in that kind of roots can be very narrow. But you know, whether you're thinking of formal specialization or you thinking of your own specialization of how you want to do things I know for myself is, I've just taken my own route. I have, um, Bean, uh, entirely Well. I worked at the Big District hospital in Cape Town, and I did look, I was exposed to a lot of, um, investigations Think it was. My physician was training for two years. I could do anything I want from our patients book any scan, anything I wanted, I just learned. I realized I don't need it. Specialize in internal medicine. I've done it now, and I felt like I need to go back to the clinics are like primary healthcare. I think of myself as a primary healthcare specialist. Even now, that degree doesn't exist in South Africa. Um, and I've involved myself in HIV TB, drug resistant TB, and you become a specialist just purely because of the involvement. Um, along the way, obviously tried pick up pieces of paper. One of them have been my masters and family medicine. And now I'll end up myself here in University Libya, and I'm enjoying myself. I think there's a lot of promise in this medical school is only is a very young medical school just over 10 years age, and I think things are looking, uh, promising for Namibia. It's gonna we just need to get over the hump off, getting people through internship and then, actually, yes, we need to get people to specialize in from the Libya. That's my, um, that's my talk. Thank you so much, Doctor John, for your very insightful talk. And it's a nice to see that you're incorporating all these factors. That sort of does affect how to choose. Sort of when what you specialize in. Such as family factors, you know, the side, the payoff, all that affects it. So I'm just looking at the medal. Just see if you have any questions. Cassandra says Doctor John is getting really good advice with regards to career path. So got a compliment there for you? Um uh, we don't have any questions. Charms any? No. Okay. Oh, someone's just off. Uh, good often in the Comten. Um, how soon after internship can one specialize? Um, that that depends on the institution. Really? You know, I mean, let me put it this way is I think for the million contacts and I don't know where that might that slide went. I think even after medical school, you don't have to do internship. You can specialize already. I mean, there are students when you finish medical school, you have a master's degree, a t east, and, um, you need to decide. Do you really want to do clinical medicine? You don't have to do internship because that's the route that you take to get to do clinical medicine. But if in institution is prepared for you, like the laboratory sciences with its chemical pathology or anatomical privilege, I don't know, you know, um, it off or, well, even even a masters in business administration. Often after you finish medical school, you have a master's degree. You can you can. You can decide to stay in medicine in a in a non clinical feels or even leave medicine and do like an NBA. I mean, I had a friend, uh, he during his internship, he did his masters of business, business administration, and he's left medicine. Um, you know, But after me, after your intention, you know, it really depends on the institution. I remember when I finished medical school, I finished internship. There was there were some who were walking straight into a registrar post, but it was because there was no competition. Now the competition is much higher, and you need to really build your CV, uh, river. Have another question from Amanda. So, Doctor John water the main difference between specialty training in Namibia versus South Africa. Well, they ain't much happening in a lady in a on a post graduate level purely because it's So it's so new. Um, so you know, and aesthetics is one. I don't I don't know how to get into it. I know that we were trying to develop something with family medicine, but only initiated the flow malevolent. But, um, the Libyans would then have to decide where they go for specialization. Mostly Libyans have not been going self funded. They be waiting for the government to fund them. And that hasn't bean that they had. I know of some who have had that funding. Um, it is very nice, but I think it's that's that that money is dried up. So a lot of Namibians right now when they finish need to decide, Um, all that prepared to sell fund himself and sacrifice a very, uh, it's a big sacrifice. Um, to go specialize, for example, in South Africa or or other countries. Thank you. Hilliard's also said thank you, John, for giving us an insight into special training from a more never been perspective. So perfect. Thank you very much, Doctor. Done for. I'm talking out of confidence today. Okay, So next, I think we have a break times if I'm not mistaken. Yeah. Um, five minute break of it. So I hope you guys are enjoying the conference. Please, let's keep interacting on the, um uh, middle of books. Um, we Okay, sorry. I've just, you know, question for Doctor John. I'm I'm sure he's sticking around in the middle life stream, so he might reply to you, um, way, have a five minute break. So thank you. Get very thank you guys. For how much? We're sticking around, right? Yeah. Okay. Uh, hi, guys. Thank you for sticking around a thing. Next up on top is about life in life as a doctor in the UK, Namibian, Zambia. So we have doctor at your richer here with us for just give us an inside about life as a doctor in the UK, so Hi. Oh, hello. So I have I I forgot that I was amused it. What about mean? Thank you so much for, um, uh, time of your day to talk a matter of conference. So Doctor Richer is an ST one currently in office, and I need in Saint Mary's Hospital in Manchester. She was the founder of our, um um International Healthcare Society here called Chips. You Charles really happy because Jeff's is the president. Currently. So, um, I will hand it over to you, Doctor Richard A If you can show you slides, introduce yourself on. Yeah, you can go. Okay. I sure. Oh, sure. My slides. Is that okay? Yes. Perfect. If you just make it. Okay. All right. So have had everyone. Thank you. Thank you very much for enough for the introduction. So, yes, my name is what you're on when I'm currently and ST one off. Singhania said, marries hospital. Um, And today I'll be telling you more about life as a doctor in the UK. So who am I? Um, I was, ah, graduate from Cardiff University. I start back in 2014 and graduated in July 18. 19. Um, and as you can see, the first picture on the left that was during our very first day off induction into medical school and cardio university gave all of us like a classic Great begun the stethoscope. So if you ever see any medical students hovering around in placement or in the hospitals with a burgundy right stethoscope, you're sure to know that they're from Cardiff University, So there's, like, a class exciting that you're from Cardiff University? Uh, yeah. Then five years later on I graduated. Um, with an M B B C h on and I start to work at in South Wales. Um, at both Newport, Cardiff lend doc of androgen. I I rotate it a lot. Um, the hospitals in South Wales, cause I want the different experiences in different hospitals to work in a swell. So yeah, that's just Ah, funny picture of me, my scripts. And I want to show my funky socks and so in in my crocs. Okay, So what this work like in Cardiff are in the UK in general is actually very, very busy? Um, well, in in comparison to other countries, I would say maybe not as busy as some other countries as we have a strict rule off only working for eight hours a week, but as an option, gonna train, Need east. Quite challenging. We have a decent one. Long day or in on call day. Every week, baby. Also doing calls once every tree to four weeks, so it can be quite busy. Doors at an extent and on call. Ours are. They go on to about 12 hours full stretch as well. So sometimes you leave the hospital late at night. Oh, you're very, very early hours off the morning. Um, I still see in, um, in the left picture on the left. There is absolutely no one else outside the hospital is just you leaving your shift going back to the car, Um, and your So that's the usual side that you see when you're on call. Um, not only that, when I started my f two or it was the end of my f one, that was when the corporate pandemic was really bad in the UK So that was start off using, ah, personal protective equipment where we all had to wear surgical mask, um, face. She was well in some high dependency units, um, and gowns and gloves and everything. So it was very, very hot and very, very sweaty and especially started in around July period ish in, um, July 2020. So it was picked off summer hot, hot, hot and very sweaty. Israel. So walking in the front line this half it's sudden setbacks in the sense that, um when there is a virus outbreak, for example, the coffee 19 pandemic assess frontline workers. You're exposed to the virus. Um, and especially when you see patients And when you treat people with symptoms of the virus, Um, you're also at an increased risk off catching the virus itself. So, unfortunately, I I was one off the people that had coffee. And, um, my symptoms were pretty bad. I was off work for a total of about three weeks, and I ended up being in the hospital is Well, um, yeah, just the situation hospital that was working was quite bad. I was working at Royal Gwent in in Newport. It was actually one of the worst hit. Um, hospitals in in wheels are 2nd, 2nd in the UK that had the highest amount of Kobe cases. Says Well, and I see you cases so 50% off the staff members were down by the first week off. The pendulum is it was pretty bad. Um, yeah. In the second picture, you can see some of my surgical colleagues who I worked with the actually came to my hospital accommodation to bring me to the hospital because I called the ambulance. I couldn't move at all. I had, like, bad cramps all over my body, I think probably from electrolyte imbalance. So severe dehydration, um, couldn't move. So, uh, my my parents were very kind enough to come. And you're full kiddy gear up to the hospital commendation and brought me to any. So you ended up being admitted for about four days in the hospital and being a copy patient as well, you're not allowed to leave the cubicle that you're put in. It's more like an isolation cubicle. So you stay in the cubicle for, um, a Sinus. How long your admission is and you eat poor sleep, everything you do in the room, there isn't a shower in the room is not like in in suite room. So we're getting hotels. But it does have, like, basic amenities, like a tap and in the basin as well. So it was quite a very humbling experience to actually be on the other side off receiving a tear from from from doctors and from nurses, and especially when you have worked with some off the nurses or healthcare systems and doctors in the past. Um, it is quite humbling experience for for my for me, especially when they have to clean up after you in in the few meals and stuff and and so you know, it was a very hot women experience, but one that I would never hope on on anyone else. Lonely? That's what can The NHS does have some benefits, especially during the Korean writing pandemic. We saw there was a great game ends appreciation from from the public and also from the UK government. But they put up posters saying Thank you to the NHS And if you drive along any off the roads in the UK so you'll be able to come across, um, occasionally the thank you. Any shots could have passed it on to the end of the road as well. Um, and I think the U. K government must want to introduce, um, clapping off pots and pans on Thursdays at around eight PM Just say thank you. Do the healthcare workers in the front workers, um, during tough times such a C chord in 19 pandemic? Okay, not only that, working as a doctor in in the UK also, those come with some requirements, such as conniving teaching sessions for students. It is something that they do, um, encourage for even for doctors were already and especially training programs to upkeep. They're teaching skills because it's very important to make sure that your knowledge is up to date and also to be able to have the skill do to teach students and 30 students offices. Well, so it's very lucky to have, um ah, close group of friends. When I was in medical school, we started up This society called Trips to Kind of Healthcare, the National Perspectives, where we provide teaching sessions, mentoring sessions, um, and basically providing a home away from from from your home, especially for international students. And also society actually integrates both proclaimed sure students together a swell, true, our social events. So, yeah, that's That's, um, or of the proxy, looking closely with tested in a society lonely that during the night in pandemic of virtual conferences and Webinars became much, much more popular, Um, we were also able to host webbing us with attendees from around the block. I'm sure you can recognize Amanda who's was in the picture here, So I was on Phoenix Meta. Um, you know, we worked really closely on one of these weapons that we were hosting talking about international medical graduates. And how can they apply into the residency programs in seven different countries around the world? Not only that, it's a doctor in the U. K C. B building is.