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Is there anyone in the audience? Yeah. But should we just stop? I don't know, cos it's recording. Yeah. Yeah. So then, yeah. And then I'll just like crop this foot up. Ok. All right, cool. So. Ok. Hi, everyone. Today we'll be covering the, um, psych or se that did not make sense. Yeah. Hi, everyone. Today we'll be covering psychiatry for phase one A. So this crash course covers all the topics you need to know for psychiatry. Um, it's gonna be quite a short session so there won't be a break in between. But, um, I like to hand over to our lecturer Loti. Wait just quickly. How am I gonna do the questions? Do I just skip over them or no, still do the questions. But like, um, just say, I'll say there's no response in the chat and then you would just talk for it. Ok. I need to do my introduction again. Ok. Sorry. Ok. Hi, everyone. Today we'll be covering the psychiatry part of phase one A BRS. Um, it will be a short tutorial so there wouldn't be a break in between. But, um, hopefully it will cover all the topics you need to know and if you have any questions put in the chart, but I'd like to hand it over to our lecturer a lot. You? Hi, everyone. I'm just gonna share my screen. Ok. Ok. Can everyone hear me? Yeah, we can. Ok, so hello everyone. So as has been said, um I'm going to be teaching you guys um the psychiatry for year one. there isn't too much content first year psychiatry So it shouldn't take too long. Um But this is just gonna go over the key points that you need to know. So collect your timeline, we're gonna go over anxiety. Um As the first disorder, then I split it into compulsive disorders. So OCD eating disorders and self harm, which isn't a disorder as such, but it's just something you need to know about. Um then depression and mania and then psychosis associated disorders and the one you need to know is schizophrenia. So again, just a list of the mental health conditions you need to know about. So first, I think it'd be good to begin with some definitions and key statistics. So, negative reinforcement, it's something that comes up in some of the diagrams that they give you. And this is just the idea of taking away an unwanted stimulus after a behavior is performed. So, for example, if like you had a child and they uh performed well in school, you'd say, OK, I'm going to remove a chore. Um The idea is the chore is the unwanted stimulus or the unwanted thing. And the good behavior is performing well in school and then positive reinforcement is adding a desirable stimulus after a behavior is performed. So giving praise to somebody and these two things are kind of things that they, they're, what kind of drives the mental health, mental illness process um in several different disorders. And then just some key statistics because in our exam last year statistics, it was ran one random question about statistics. So I do recommend at least just having a gloss through the statistics. Um But one in three will have a mental health disorder in their lifetime. One in three GP consultant consultations will have a mental health component. And then mental health or psychiatrist as such is 10% of NHS funding. There'll be some more statistics as we go through, but I've kind of just pulled up the key ones from the lecture that I think are the most relevant. So let's start with anxiety. So anxiety first and foremost, normal and just exists to motivate us to avoid harm essentially. Um So it's part of that kind of innate like caveman response that we have. So if there's danger, we want to avoid danger. So we have anxiety to help us, help us do this essentially. Um However, where it becomes a disorder is where we get this excess, excessively intense and persistent anxiety coupled with this significant distress and impairment. So it's only really a disorder when it, it's excessive and it's out of context and it impacts on life. Um And so if you str so if a person is struggling to do the things that they need to do, go to school, um talk to people, those are excessive examples of anxiety and that's what we're gonna class it as a disorder as opposed to being afraid, being afraid because or having an anxiety response when a car is coming really fast down the street because that would be in context. Um They also talk a bit more about this idea of this. Uh Well, faculty defines it as like a self perpetuating network of positive feedback loops um which arise from normally adaptive responses. So that's kind of what I've described. Um self perpetuating meaning that the person with the anxiety is the one driving forward the response rather than an external force causing them to. So rather than so basically, rather than an external force, like external thing, causing them to be anxious and causing the cycle, the person, the person with the anxiety is driving forward their own anxiety if that makes sense. Um So that's what we say, self perpetuating network of positive feedback loops and then they also talk about trait versus state anxiety. So trait anxi so OK, if I start with state anxiety, so state anxiety is this, it's kind of like, so if you, so it's similar to my example I gave before with the fast the the car coming down quickly and you're kind of afraid in that moment, you have anxiety in that moment. That's kind of what it is. So state anxiety is when you have the anxiety within the state condition you're in. Whereas trait anxiety is more of like you can say it's more of like a uh adaptation. So it's more, it's more ingrained in your personality. So for example, people who have trait anxiety would tend to respond to situations that you might not necessarily need to get anxious about with high levels of anxiety. So for example, public speaking, they might be more anxious than somebody who's not, who hasn't got trait anxiety would be to speak publicly. But that's just an overview of what anxiety is. So just some symptoms that you need to know. So um s uh we kind of split it into si psychic symptoms and uh physical symptoms. Um So psychic symptoms is just the fear of feeling of fear or dread. Uh And then physical symptoms are kind of, well, I've called it sympathetic symptoms because the way I kind of remembered it was it's all those kind of fight or flight response. So, palpitations, sweating, dry mouth, um tremors, flanking, vasoconstriction, which is a phrase I would remember cos it's kind of an easy one to just throw in an SBA um then depersonalization in syncope are some other ones that you can get um, but as you can see, most of those are your fight or flight fight or flight like symptoms that you would get. Um, when you know, there's actual, there's an actual physical, actual, real danger in front of you. Um, treatments have kind of included, um, SSRI S CBT and social prescribing. These are kind of your standard treatments that you give for most um, mental health problems. Um, you don't really need to know too much into the detail yet. Um That's more of like a second year thing into the specific SSRI S and specific types of CBT. OK. And then I think the last thing they talked about a lot was subtypes. So anxiety can be classified in several different subtypes. So you have generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder phobia, which is kind of like you're afraid, you like you're afraid that you're trapped in a situation and you can't get out of the situation. Um So simple phobias and then social phobia and then they also include um obsessive compulsive disorder, which we'll talk about a bit more later and PTSD. So posttraumatic stress disorder as subtypes of anxiety because they both do have an anxiety component. E if even if this is not the only component to the disorder as such, and I've included these percentages here. I don't think these stats are as relevant as like the ones I include in the first slide. Um So by no means don't like memorize the whole table or anything because I don't think that's very, that's very high yield. Um Just this is just to give you an idea of how common these disorders are. So as you can see or how commonly subtypes are rather, um so as you can see, simple phobia is more common, like has a higher lifetime prevalence than O CD or a phobia or generalized anxiety disorder. And um yeah, another one is maybe you could say that OC D tends to seems to have like one of the lower uh lifetime prevalence than other disorders. But just this is just to give you an idea of the prevalence I wouldn't like, remember it entirely in terms of the numbers. OK. So next we'll move on to our compulsive disorders. But before that, um I'll just give you a definition. So a compulsion is the experience of overwhelming urges to repeat a behavior even in the knowledge that is harmful and it's present in numerous disorders. So, the idea behind a compulsion is that you feel you need to do something.