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Brilliant. I can see you in your sides. Oh, can you hear me? Ok. Yeah, everything's perfect. Wonderful. Um, everyone we can start at, um, 12 o'clock by then a lot more people have joined and you can just get straight to it. Sure. Well, uh, so we'll get started because there is quite a lot to get through. Um, my name is Bethan. I'm gonna talk to you about infection today. Um, I'm in second year now. Uh, if you have any questions as we go through, um, just pop in the chat and I'll do my best to get to them. Um, and then hopefully we'll have time at the end. So we're gonna kinda be talking about immune responses to infection today. Uh, which kind of covers 2.5 of these kind of four key concepts. And then in Josh's lecture later, he'll cover basically the rest of it. Um, so we'll be talking mainly about microbial detection and the innate immune response. Um, but the innate and the adaptive immune response are quite interlinked. So there is some overlap there that will be looking at, um, the first couple of slides are quite similar to a level content uh in terms of looking at different microbes. Um but you do need to be aware of them and you also need to be aware of kind of the specific ones that they, they mentioned because they can ask you about those um specifically. Um so viruses to start with um infectious obligate intracellular parasites. Um They do like to ask that as a very short answer question. It conveniently is four words long. Um So they're not technically cells um because they require a different cell to replicate. Um And they exit them by, by butting out which kind of kills the cell. Um viruses, you need to be aware of HIV, Variola and HPV. Um They can ask you uh kind of about how those um present in, in humans. Uh So just be aware of this different things. Um bacteria, we all know them and love them. Um the procaryotes. Um So they're not quite the same as as eukarytic cells. Uh with a number of differences outlined like the lack of internal membrane and their haploid. Uh they have flagellum or ply so that they can move around and adhere to the surfaces. Uh and they can evolve really rapidly um because they're uh generation time is very fast. Uh This is particularly important um because even though their mutation rate is low, um because they have such uh small generation times effectively, um they're able to develop resistance um which we talk about a bit more about later. Um But it's important um for antibiotics and all kinds of different things. These a bacteria you need to be aware of. Um, hospital acquired infection infections are particularly relevant, especially when you guys go on place placement. Um Hopefully you don't see any wards that are closed down by c diff because they can be quite nasty. Um It's quite a nasty uh gastrointestinal infection uh that causes diarrhea. Um And NRS MRSA is also quite um nasty. Um A lot of your bacteria um cause diarrhea but other things um cause things like ulcers and cancer. So those are the ones you need to be aware of. Um I'm not gonna bore you by naming them all. They're, they're on the slide there. Um And they're mostly a level content fungi again. Uh they're eukaryotic. Um So they do have internal membranes um that can occur as yeast or filaments. Uh The only one you need to be aware of is Candida albicans, which is a yeast infection. Um and they, they butter divide. So um kinda spread protozoa and these are unicellular organisms. So these are like your