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Hey guys. Can everyone hear me? So today we're gonna be looking into skin care. Oh, wait, sorry, I forgot to induce myself. So my name's Fiona and I'm a farm size student currently in second year and today we're just gonna be going through the basics of skin care and just an overall sort of general overview of sort of what to look out for ingredients just knowing our skin types and sort of, you know how to best deal with those sort of skin types. So, yeah, by the way, I'm not a satisfied dermatologist, I'm just talking from personal experience and just sort of research that I've done over the years as well as information from my pharmaceutical science course. Yeah. So today's topic just going through different skin types and the importance of knowing your type and buying sort of the right ingredient. Sorry, the right products for your skin types as well as reading up on product info, knowing how to store skin care products properly and just overall general tips and advice, get them. Why should I have a skin care routine? Well, I think it's good to have a regular skin care routine. Because I feel like skin is, you know, is the largest organ on our body and it should be maintained every day ideally. So, apply moisturizer and, you know, regularly applying sunscreen and it also helps you to deal with maybe sort of issues that you may have with your skin. So like maybe excess, see them or just did it with extra sort of dryness during the winter times. And also it's good to maintain the ph of our skin because that can also lead to irritation as well as like breakouts, like especially acne breakouts. And the best way to find out your skin type or sort of a good sort of judgment is something you can actually do at home. So what you can do is so you, you wash your face and you leave it alone for about a minute or say 30 seconds and you sort of just look in the mirror and just see the sort of texture or the appearance of your face. Does it feel dry? You know, does it look really shiny along the T zone or does it feel quite red, quite irritated? And that's usually a good indicator of what your skin is naturally sort of like or just usually on a day to day basis. I have a cahoot quiz. I don't know if it's going to work or not. Let's give it a try. He work. Ok. Oh Can everyone see this? II got my Yes co Um Right. I have no idea how I'm supposed to do this cahoot quiz. So if you guys just scan the QR code and then I can start the quiz. Yes. Just gonna wait another minute or two. Just to see if anyone else is gonna join the cahoot quiz. And then I'll start to that shortly. I think we start the quiz. Mm. What does the 1st 10 ingredients in a product less usually indicate? Yay. Oh my gosh. I'm very surprised everyone got that correct. But yes, usually the first set ingredients in any sort of product, food cosmetics or skincare wise, it usually makes up for a large percentage of the product. And it's very, very important that we pay attention to that because that can give you an in good indicator of whether the skincare product is right for your skin type. Next question. Ok, good. I hope everyone's picked one answer. Oh, can I see my screen? Does it show when I click on the answer? I've just realized now. Oh, dear. So I think I should be turning off my screen for this. But yes, we should be applying sun cream every single day. Even when it's cloudy, it's rainy, even when it looks like there's no sunlight whatsoever. As long as you still see any sort of light outside, you have to apply suncream, it's given you have to as well as reapplying it every two hours. I would say I'm a little guilty of not doing that. I just, 00, I don't know what I just done. Oh, gosh, I have no idea what it done. This. That's fine. Does everyone still have access to the cahoot quiz? Mhm. Ok. Good. Just making sure. Next question. Like this is quite common. A lot of people always tell me. Oh, Fiona, I have oily skin so I tend not to moisturize if not use any moisturizer whatsoever, which is actually quite bad because I feel because your skin will actually create even more se and more oil to sort of make up the lack of um moisture. I actually did show this in the first slide. So for anyone who was paying attention, we'll see. Yes. So our ph of our skin is actually between a range of 4.5 to 5.5. So technically the blue answer isn't too off. Although ideal ph would be probably, I'd say 5.5. So slightly acidic then you think? Oh, he's the first player? Yeah. Mhm. So I think after that cahoot quiz, I think most of us have a general idea, you know, apply sunscreen every day as well as um you know, moisturizing, even regardless of whatever skin type you have is always good to moisturize daily. And yeah, so the science behind skin care. So usually how most cleansers work is, it's kind of a bit like washing your hands. So what you'll have is the um the sur sur like of the um cleansers of adhere to say, I guess the dirt or anything that's water soluble or attached to the hydrophilic tail of the mice. And then the hydrophobic, the hydrophobic tale. Yeah, the hydrophobic tail will attach itself to the sebum. So that when you're washing your face, you're washing off all the dirt and the oils and whatnot. And then for retinol how that works. So it's sort of like a chemical exfoliant in a way or the way I would like to imagine it is sort of like um sort of like when you're, when you're rubbing out something in pencil and all the little sort of rubber bits are like your dead skin. So it's sort of doing that but not physically, it sort of in a chemical sense. So the retina, what it will do is it will encourage the cell production and the cell rate of turnover. And then what that will do is that will encourage your skin to sort of make more ser skin cells, which then will give you that look of glowing skin because of the new skin that will grow out, will grow out and then the old skin will shed. And it's very, very important guys that you, if you use any sort of retinol, any sort of chemical expo or any even physical expo like face grabs and whatnot, you must, must apply sun cream, especially if you're gonna be using those in your skin care routine because if you don't, um, it leaves your skin very, very vulnerable and it doesn't feel nice when your fresh skin is sort of burning because of the UV rays because of how sensitive it feels. And then last of the last one, which is Hyaluronic Acid, how that normally works. So, as a humectant, so it's attracting all the moisture from the surroundings. So which is why it's best to apply it when your face is damp so that it can absorb all the moisture and your skin can sort of like soak up the Hyaluronic acid like a sponge. And this also helps to hydrate our skin or the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, and it will strengthen the natural lipid layer on our skin. Hence why it is good to moisturize every single day so that we keep that skin barrier strong as well as sun cream cool what to look for in skin care products or just any sort of product that you'd apply to your skin topically. So, as we've, as we mentioned before in the cahoot quiz, the 1st 10 ingredients make up around 80% to 90% of the product composition. So that's quite a large, large amount. And usually it's a good idea to be reading the products because you need to know what, what uh what sort of type, what type of uh skincare products would suit you best. So is it water based, is it oil based? Does it have glycerin in it? Does it have alcohol d in it or does it have, um, oh, what's the other one, uh, or does it have sort of any other sort of fatty alcohols in it? And that will sort of give you a good idea of how well that would work for your skin. So, for example, we have ce alcohol, which is mainly found in a beloved moisturizers such as Cerave and Cetaphil or just sort of any other generic moisturizer that you may normally find in your drugs drugstore or maybe be prescribed by a doctor. And then we also have alcohol in it, which is an ethanol that has been treated with additives. So you'll no normally find them in skincare products aimed for oily to combination skin as it dries very quickly and it doesn't really leave a sort of oily feeling as you would have with alcohol or any sort of other fatty alcohol like coconut oil and whatnot. And we need to make sure that when we are sort of looking for active ingredients, we need to make sure that that what any sort of other type of skin care product that we want to add alongside with that active ingredient product needs to make sure that they sort of don't clash or you know, the PH won't sort of affect your skin too much because any sort of strong Ph that can throw off your skin, it will completely ruin skin's barrier and you know, will lead to irritation acne breakouts and we will want to avoid that as much as possible. So, Vitamin C and niamide should not be mixed together because it can cause it can form um nicotinic acid, which is, I assume I would imagine is not very nice feeling on your face. And it can also reduce the efficacy of both products. So it's best to use them separately. So maybe you can use Vitamin C in the evening and then in the morning, you could use niacinamide, but it's advised that you do not mix these products as it will erode the efficacy and it won't really have the purpose as intended also. What's, what's really important and what's really useful is when we look at ingredients in skin care products, we can actually find cheaper dupes of like products that we normally use like slightly cheaper versions. Because technically, it's like the sa you technically can find the same product as in most of the product composition will be very, very similar with maybe a few tweaks here and there, but it will still do the same job. It's a bit like, you know, you have your generic paracetamol, you know, you've got branded Paracets more than you've just got the off brand but hand in hand. But you know, they all do the same thing just under different brands and they all have the same sort of chemical formula and the same can be applied for skin care. So, uh so we've talked about using the skin care. We've also talked about what to look for as skin care products. And now I'm gonna talk about how to start our skin care. Storing skin care is very important. I think it's just important as sort of knowing how to use skin care as well because if it's stored in the wrong conditions, it can also sort of ruin the efficacy of the product and then as well as ruin the composition and then the chemical structure leading, you know, to separation or maybe the ph isn't the same as, you know, when it was first bought. Um we want to avoid all these things because obviously it's a waste of money. And also we want to, you know, have sort of the best result from the skin care if we're gonna use it. So ideally, we should be keeping skin care in a sort of room sort of room temp environment ideally in dark places, especially if you have active ingredients like Vitamin C, they must be stored in a dark area. Hence why most Vitamin C serums or creams, they'll normally come in a sort of uh opaque, dark looking color and it comes to bottles and lotion bottles, et cetera. Bathrooms are usually the worst place to store any sort of skin care perfume, cosmetics in general. So I know it's really tempting to put it in your bathroom. I'm a little bit guilty of that as well. But generally I do try to keep my skincare in sort of one little box in my room and making sure it's away from sunlight because you don't want the serum or the cream to be altered by sunlight or the heat. And when it comes to uno unopened products, I think they, I think it's, you can keep them for about a year or two, I'd say maximum. And then maybe after that, I would think about probably throwing it away because it's not good to keep her product past its shelf life because obviously that can also ruin the chemical formula as well as, you know, separation or maybe, you know, the PH isn't the same, the structure isn't the same. So it's not going to work the same way. And if you do have any open products, uh I would suggest keeping them for no more than a year because after a year, you know, you have oxidation, you have all these sort of, you know, different issues that can occur, especially with, you know, sensitive products like active ingredients and retinol. So making sure that we look at expired products, making sure we don't keep any really old products. I'd say after like two years start throwing them away, especially if they're opened. So my skin care journey, um I think, yeah, from a young age, I've always dealt with eczema and I think over the years growing up, I just sort of found sort of different methods, trial and error, I guess going to my GP quite often for different ambulance and different lotions to sort of cope for my eczema. And I think it's very important to sort of, I guess, try different products to see what works for you. But also knowing your skin type helps immensely. So you sort of know what products to look for that directly benefit your skin type. So for me, that was just finding a lot of. So using a lot of water based, a lot of aqua based um lotions and creams as well as you know, using or looking for like uh sexual alcohol in the skin care ingredient section that helps with moisturizing my dry cracked skin, especially during the winter because winter is usually the worst time for anyone with dry skin because of the constant cold. You've got the cold, harsh weather and then you step inside and it's really warm and then our skin tends to not really like that. And I also do use uh well, I recently started using um aha S for my serums and because I find it's less harsh than BHA s which are oil soluble. And II think my skin generally prefers water solu water skincare ingredients. So I've been using sort of like lactic acid, just sort of um more gentler on the skin in general, but yet still sort of getting that chemical expo that I want. Uh, I also find glycerin is great for moisturizing the skin. And I find it's quite lightweight as well for some people who don't really like heavy based moisturizers. And I think just having a consistent routine helps to sort of maintain it as well when it comes to dry skin, just like constantly moisturizing every day. So I hope with this information you sort of have an idea of how to create your own skin care routine or sort of where to start and you know, just finding the best products that are best for you. So I think especially with nowadays, social media, it's so tempted to go old, you know, there's a new sale or I wanna try that product or I wanna try that serum and then you realize that that skin care product wasn't really, it's not really intended for your skin type and then it just sort of causes more issues down the line. So I think it's really important to sort of know your skin type and buy skincare products that directly benefit your skin cause obviously you don't want irritation and you know, you want to, you want to be able to maintain your skin at a healthy level and you don't want to throw off the PH or anything or you, you know, you don't wanna use overly harsh chemicals that exfoliate your skin too much to the point where your skin feels like really red and sensitive cos we wanna make sure that we're protecting our skin barrier at all times regardless what skin type we have. And I hope you have a better understanding of how serums work. And serums are best applied, especially Hyaluronic acid is best supplied with a damp, damp face. So maybe after you wash your face, maybe just pat it gently, just leaving some moisture on the skin and then going in with Hyaluronic acid and then whatever serum that you'd like to add, I find that the skin absorbs it best. So it's sort of like a sponge in a way just absorbing that Hyaluronic acid and then acting and then that Hyaluronic acid as acting as a humectant, attracting all that moisture to your skin, which is what we want. And obviously, if you have any other skin issues or conditions or just sort of any concerns about your skin in general, I would highly highly suggest going to see a dermatologist because obviously I'm not a satisfied dermatologist and I suggest you seek professional help if that is the case for you. And thank you for listening to my personal review on skin care, I think Q and A slash. So if you guys have any questions, feel free to ask me, I'm just gonna open the chat box now and I've got a QR code somewhere. So if you would kindly scan the QR code and just get some feedback, I'd really appreciate that. Thank you. 00, ok. Um uh, does anyone have any questions about skincare? I just realized I've gone through the powerpoint pretty quickly. So I don't know if everyone managed to catch all the info that I've just put out there. How long would you wait to see if something works for your skin? Uh, I think it does depend on the product. So there a serum moisturizer, I think with, uh, ok, we'll say for um, chemical exfoliant. So like any of the serums that you would use for hyperpigmentation or anything like that, I'd say give it maybe two weeks to about a month to see changes. And by then usually like, there's, you know, if you have telltale signs of dryness or irritation or redness, then perhaps, maybe that's not the product for you. But if you notice that your skin's glowing and, you know, you generally see like really good improvements in your skin. Then I say, keep using it. I say, yeah, two weeks to about a month. Ideally any other questions, what would you recommend for normal skin? Ie it's not really dry or oily. Mm. For normal skin. Just sort of like regular maintenance. I'd say just go in with a lightweight moisturizer because you don't wanna add too much. You don't want to make it too heavy if you know, it's not particularly oily or dry. So maybe like a lightweight lotion from Cetaphil and then, you know, your sun cream every day, just maybe like a maybe water based some cream since it's quite lightweight. Oh, you're welcome, Caroline. Any other questions? What about the recommendation for combination skin? See a lot of people when they hear combination skin, they think it's quite tricky to deal with. But I think combination skin it needs to be treated the same way you would treat sensitive skin. So not so not using um products that are too harsh. So because you want, because the thing is with combination skin, it is oily yet dry at the same time, which can frustrate a lot of people. So I would recommend uh using lightweight moisture. So like a water base or gel based moisturizer and a gentle cleanser. So, I mean, that's not too, so maybe like simple cleanser because they're not too harsh and it wouldn't, it wouldn't alter the Ph on your skin. Too much is yes and maybe just um something to see that like a, I can't think of the moisturizer that I was gonna say there's something with like something like Aloe to soothe the skin. I hope that answers your question. Any other questions? You're welcome. Does anyone else have any other questions? Um I think I'm just gonna leave the QR code for feedback if anyone wants to provide any feedback and I'm just gonna stay on here for a couple of months.