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Hello. Can anyone hear me? Yup. All good thanks. Er, um I'll just show my slides first. Mhm. Ok, they do. I think so. Mhm. Ok, good. Ok, so it actually will start soon guys. Hopefully people in the chat can hear me as well. Um, yeah, I'll be honest, fair news for you guys to turn up like for a live lecture. I was one of those ones who just like sit back and try and watch it recording, but fair enough. Um. All right, that's good. I guess slides all fine as well. Alright, cool. We'll start a minute then. Um, yeah, this lecture is very much again, just fully logic. I think I'm your last lecture for the pump crash course. I'm, I'm so honored to be doing to you, you know, it's the dream come true. No, I'm kidding. Um, but yeah, uh this one's very, very logical. Um, a lot of it is like to be fair. Some, it's even I've forgotten but when I go over it, uh I'll understand and again, er, for this lecture, I want you guys to basically go through it by yourself while I'm going through it as well. So talk to yourself while you're doing it, uh, or while I'm talking or near the end and apply in the questions that I ask. Um, and really go through the logic because this stuff will be tested like 100%. They'll test you on something to do, er, in this lecture. A, a million percent I can ask you. Um, there'll be at least like 23 SBA about it and, uh def one of those um A Qs as well. So, yeah. All right, cool. We'll, we'll start now. Um So yeah. Uh PM Practicals guys. Um So yeah, if any of you are really interested in like research around hematology and what we've learned in PM, there's a lot going on at your period as well. So I might just visit the page that I can see in the background of this slide. Um That's my email there if anyone wants to email me any questions or anything. Uh OK. So that after the day we'll go over red cell parameters first. Again, this is really easy. It's not that bad. It's just again, application uh hemoglobin gel, electrophoresis uh with that stuff, it's more about understanding some key principles. Um They won't ask you much to do with like the nitty gritty stuff. Uh ends is like top tier def coming up. Um Again, it's all logical. I think I've forgotten that, but we'll go through it and see how much I remember when we see, diagnostic bacteriology is a bit of a membrane. So that's quite like memorization. Virology is again, not that high yield, but um it's worth mentioning, I guess. But yeah. Uh good. All right, cool. Let's go red cell parameters. OK. So um when we talk about parameters do with red cells, we're just basically talking about uh things like hemoglobin. So that's basically just the concentration of this hemoglobin uh in whole blood, right? So that if it's concentration, it will be measured as grams per liter. OK? Um And the way you measure it again, remember this because it might be an easy like er SBA they may ask uh the way you remember the way, the way you measure hemoglobin is through a Hemo Q device. OK? And by Hemo Q think Q think QT QT. So those little small, like um what do you call them? Like those little small like ho those, those square ones? OK. Uh And you basically measure hemoglobin, you, you've done this practical before you take the little Q and you put it in like a little machine. Um and that machine is called a hemo Q device and that will measure your hemoglobin concentration for you. OK. So HB is equal to grams per liter. All right. Hematocrit isn't much of a sort of like um unit like a hemoglobin was hemoglobin was a concentration, right? Hematocrit is more of like a ratio. By the way, if I speak too fast tell me um anyway he is more of a ratio. Ok, so it's a volume of red blood cells uh as opposed to like um er the ratio of like whole blood volume. So I think for example that you've got like a a glass with like um some pulp in it and I think the pulp is the red blood, red blood cells and the juice around it. So I think like a just like a some random mango juice, right? The the the the the total volume of the glass or the ratio of the glass, the proportion of the glass that is taken up by the pulp is your hematocrit. OK. So it won't have any sort of liters as such, you could say liter to liter as in like a a ratio in that sense. But that's really it because that's H CT, OK. So that's uh more looking at a ratio of proportion of that stuff. Um And the idea of centrifuging, I think that comes up later as well. Um A and it may have been like uh a part of your like figuring out like like for example, with um hematocrit, you have to centrifuge the actual blood first spin it around hell of times. Um And when you centrifuge blood, what happens is that it, it becomes layered out, it becomes split out. So the red blood cells sit at the bottom and you've got this Buffy coat layer of like leucocytes in the middle and then at the top, you've got your bit of your plasma. Alright, then you put the blood um into this device you can see on the bottom right image over here and then uh the line that goes through it as in like you match, match up the line with like the the the blood bit the red blood cells and then that will give you your hematic group, OK? Um Usually they want hematocrit as a decimal. So you have to divide by 100 again. Remember that? OK? Because that that's easy marks. They'll definitely ask you like mathematical questions in the test. So remember that um A and for red cell count. So we talk about hemoglobin Hema Q device, hematocrit centrifuging. Red cell count is the hematocytometer. OK? So you basically count the number of red blood cells in five non adjacent medium squares to again reduce bias all that stuff and then you times it by 10 to power 12 to extrapolate the number of cells per liter. Alright, again, in this, in this one, remember to multiply by 10 to power 12 if they do ask you and remember um the device, the hemocytometer, right? One thing you should def def know um is the top right? The si symbols of values. So go through them even go through deciliters and ci grams. OK? So um 1 L is equal to 10 deciliters. Remember that for example, uh go through a different like 10 to pound 83 is a milligram negative 6 mcg nanogram peo gram all the way up to for femtogram. They won't ask you anything more than that really, but just be comfortable with using those values and like um figuring stuff out with that. OK. Um So yeah, hope that's fine. Hope that's all good. Uh Ask questions in the chat. I'll be referring to my little book over here for anything that I've missed. So, uh forgive me if I do. OK. Um So when you're calculating derived variables, right? So we can use the hemato uh hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells to figure out me.