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Hello. So we're gonna start now. Ok. So we're gonna start off with prescription that you will definitely prescribe an F one like on a regular basis, I would say. And then later on at the end of the sessions, we actually talk about the psa exam and how it works and everything so safe prescribing. So what is safe prescribing? So you have to make sure all the time that you have the right patient, right? Name, right? Patient ID number, right? Drug appropriate dose frequency route time and so on. Like for example, on this slide, you can see on the side, there's like a prescription actually that I saw recently in my hospital done by a senior doctor. So this is actually not very safe, but I'm not sure if you guys know what medicine is this. If you know, you can pop it in the chat, but you can see the dosage, this is the most unsafe part of the prescription. You don't know what this is five, you can see five, but you don't know whether it's 5 g 5 mg or not. So actually, yeah, that's right. It's salbutamol. So it's actually given 5 mg and the root is actually via neb a nebulizer and frequency. We'll talk about this later as well. So abbreviation, this is very important. We don't learn this in Poland. So this is what we usually write on the drug chart. So usually like for example, you take a medicine for, for one time a day, you write OD and then for just once in the morning, if you wanna specify morning, it will be like ma ne main and so on. So does anybody wanna guess what Q DS or Q ID means? Ok. It actually means four times a day. So you can see the trend here. P DTD SQ DS twice, three times and four times a day. And the last one, it's a weird one. It looks like four degrees or eight degrees, but it actually means four hourly or eight hourly. You can write any number there with the little degree symbol on top. So that's what it will mean. Alternatively, you can also just write orally spell it out orally or just H RL Y. That would be understandable as well. So administration routes, this is quite important because with every medication that you prescribe, you will have to write how it is given. So most of the time commonly you'll probably give medication orally, which is actually the first one. And I'm sure you guys can guess what IV and top means. Pr and I NH so most of the time I would say you will definitely prescribe a lot of oral drugs. Um some sublingual drugs, uh A lot of subcutaneous and intramuscular drugs as well as well as intravenous drugs. So it would be good for you guys to just go through this. Maybe before you start your F one, just go through this and remember these abbreviations because they're quite important and this duration. So a lot of doctors like to abbreviate like, oh take this medication for five days, they'll just write five out of seven because in a week there's seven days. So they'll just do that. So you can just substitute a five with any other number 46 or even seven, which will mean like for seven days. And also in a year, we have 52 weeks. So you can understand that and 12 months. So this is how they write it usually. So don't get confused. So now you know this now and other abbreviations that you will come across. I think a lot of time you come across preed, which means preadmission medications, which means uh medication that patients are already on before coming into the hospital. Also, sometimes when patients are on um antibiotics, usually let's say they take antibiotics for five days. Sometimes some doctors will put review on the last day, meaning you have to see if the patient is doing well or they're not, whether they need to prolong taking antibiotics as well. And then stat stat is quite important, especially when given certain medication, maybe emergency medication or just medication that you don't wanna give frequently. So you just give it once and then P RN means medication as needed or as required. So usually in a drug chart, they will be on a specific section of the drug chart. But if you, you end up in a hospital where it's all computerized, then it'll be different. But you will need to know this if you need to write it down and well below. Ok, I think the next important part of this table will be the last two. So sometimes we have medications that come in sachets or creams or things that you have to take puffs. So instead of writing one puff or one sachet or one application, you can just write T, so T one letter T means one application, two means two application and you can even increase that to three capital Ts which means three application of four or more. So also you have to be familiar with these names because the, these are the names that I hear very often when I first started that they were refer to instead of using their generic name. Like recently, I think I heard Imodium and I have no idea what that was, but it's actually loperamide. So I know these brand names well, because the nurses, the doctors will use them sometimes instead of the generic names, there are definitely more out there but I have listed out the most common ones I've heard. So, first of all, we'll start with analgesia. This is something you would probably prescribe every day, almost every day. So I hope, I hope you guys remember about it. And of course, we start from the most weak ones, paracetamol or nsaids followed by a weak of points and then strong points. How do you prescribe this? So, usually on the drug chart or the computer, you will put paracetamol 1 g Q DS, meaning four times a day P RN as per required. So, and you might have to write in also max dose in 24 hours, 4 g. So you can prescribe this orally. Mostly it will be orally but sometimes in some situations where patients can take it orally or they need it faster, we'll do it. IV And while in old patients, even sometimes we give them per correctly as in through the rectum. I know it's strange cause I've never heard of it in Poland either. So, and there are some special cases where you need to half the dose of paracetamol. This is quite important because when I first came here, I didn't know that as well. So always, always check the weight of the patient. If they are lesser than 50 kg, always reduce the dose. Also, if they have hepatic impairment, renal failure or chronic alcohol use reduce the dose alter. Alternatively, you can also, you know, just prescribe 1 g.