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Hi, everyone. Welcome to another careers. Talk at mine. The BLEEP. Tonight we've got Indra, who is going to be doing a talk on radiology. He's an NST one, and he's about to start his ST to post. So enjoy. And if you've got any questions, make sure you put them in the chart and we'll ask them at the end on I'll put the feet but like link in it the end of well, so you can get your certificates of attendance. So do you want to take it away? Indra? Yeah, so thanks for ankle you for the introduction. So she mentioned my name's Indra one, the radiology trainees based in Oxford, hoping over the next kind of 45 minutes or so we can touch on what a career in radiology is like. I'll talk a little bit about applying in the fort for a year towards the end. Well, um, and again, if you pop any questions in the chat on B and we can have a discussion, um, Frank, if they're really, like, really burning questions, then again, feel free to interrupt. That's that's cool as well, you know, if they just locked in nicely Um, yeah. I thought I'd start just by mentioning a little bit about my journey. I didn't used to when I get this talks, but a lot of people seem to want to hear about that, so I'm happy to to share that. So So I went to med school in London on for a long time. I wasn't sure what I wanted to do. Um, on early on, everyone released, it seemed like lots of people knew what they wanted to do. And I, you know, I have no idea. But towards the kind of end of clinical med school I thought about maybe surgery or maybe cardiology, something that had some practical stuff. But again, these are just kind of fleeting thoughts. And I I luckily got the opportunity to do a student selected component in radiology. This one of our options and final year eso I picked that just kind of find out what it was about. And I mean, I guess my life transforming from that because it was such a good experience. Say, you know, I found really good mentors there who showed me what career in radiology is like. I got involved in a research project here in that time is Well, I got a little bit of a taste for, you know, the academic side of radiology. And, yeah, made me really interested to explore the career a bit further. So then organized an elective. So I did two electives in my end of final, yet one in surgery. And I did that in New York on, But I did one in interventional radiology because during my radiology ecstasy, I thought that that was really cool. And my mentor was an ir person. So, yeah, I did both those electives and both are really, really good, but I think I enjoyed the aisle one just a little bit more. I mean, both are really, really hands on that. I just love the variety that that's sore. So I got to do loads of stuff Like, for example, by the end of the four week elective, they let me do a biopsy by myself. Um, so, yeah, I just got lows of hands on experience towards the end of medical. So I think after those electives, really, it was just gonna be either of those two. And during my foundation years, I'm not a contact with. I did quite a few surgical jobs, but also I also volunteered to go to radiology a lot. So I got some contact with the radiology department in that form. In to on doing that just further solidified the my desire to the radiology essentially also got involved with the BSI office. That's the British society of intentional radiology. So every year they have a foundation representative election. So I played for that on through meeting that committee and, you know, like meeting some good mentors. We set up some more junior things for you because, you know, it's quite difficult to find opportunities. So we kind of set up some webinars in the website and they're just further, you know, pushing you to radiology. Really? Yeah, that brings me to you today. So the first part of the talk really is about explaining what radiology actually years. And there's a lot of Mets common kind of preconceptions about Radiology is, and I hope that by the end of the talk, at least some of them are a bit shattered. So here a few common mix, which I've heard a lot about radiology, and I hope that over the next plan of 20 slides or so hopefully see that they're not true. So there's some of you probably are foundation doctor. See, you see radiologists that time when they're busier and perhaps not as nice and phone Trust me. Most radiologists are quite nice, obviously, always gets me ones, but it is a nice specialties of working on DNA. Oh, exactly as you might see them when I try to get a scan organized. Is that one, Um, you don't always sit in dark rooms. That's that's not the case. There's a lot of variety and a job in radiology and no share some of the activities that you get up to. They're definitely a lot of people say, Oh, there's no patient contact on, but it's not true. I think the truth is you can choose how much patient contact you want. So if you want to be like for the clinical and have lots of patients contact, you can. If you want less, you can as well. So I think you get to make that choice in radiology, so it really depends on what you like. No, it's, um, it's about I I will briefly touch on that and why. I think I will not take over the specialty on. I'm not gonna focus too much of this of the talk on it. But a lot of people talk about radiation, and often the rest are misrepresented. So, yeah, there's a If you take nothing away from this talk, then hopefully at least this slide is like the main meat bit. Yeah, we'll go into that stuff. So what? Radiology. It's so it's a technique, a specialty. And the reason why I say this is there's so many specialties now there's up to 50 different specialties you can choose, and it almost There's too much choice on what you can do, you say. Traditionally, specialties are divided based on disease profiles or, you know you treat a certain disease. But in the modern world, I think that's no longer the case. I mean, you have specialties that focus on providing care to a certain patient population. For example, if you did pediatrics or GP for primary care but yourself technique, they specialty. So they're entire specialties based on, like a certain technique. For example, um, a static so radiology and often they're seen as like service specialties because they're not specifically looking after, you know, a particular disease. But that's because the roots of the specialty are based on a technique rather than looking after a certain condition. Um, so moving onto what radiologist today. So it's a chemical specialty that uses medical imaging to both diagnose and treat patient on. It's not just in one specific kind of section. It's all patients of order. These so it's quite a general specialty, and the way I like to look at it is you're essentially a general physician, but you your understanding of imaging allows you to solve clinical problems. Essentially, you're like a generalist who understands imaging, and there is a trend towards some specialization, so we'll talk a bit more about that. But every radiologist has a good general basis that they can do the general stuff. So there's also a variety in the career on you. You really do. You have a good general basis, and you're not focused on one specific thing. You don't want a um, so, yeah, there's just a few pictures from the last year for my first year of training on as you can see, no one of them are sitting in a dark room, so I just go through a few activities that managed to do so on the top. Left here, that's myself learning ultrasound on your similiar very simulator. So, um, there's a manic in there in the background, and I'm just practicing like how to get the views of certain structures and gives you a real time feedback. So part of some of your training will be done in, like a classroom style situations that with simulators so either with ultrasound or some training schemes have, like, procedure simulators that you can go and practice on. So, yeah, he some of those schemes you you get some really good training at the start on on the bread and butter things. Basically, you're not just thrown into the deep end and made to swim. Essentially, they're on the bottom left. That's a medium. My first ivc filter removal. So in my first couple of weeks, you get a bit of time and everything, So I spent some time in intervention on Yeah, the consultant let me have ago, and it was really good. So to get some early hands on exposure, that's me pressing very hard for manual compression. So really, folks, my energy on that. But yeah, the point is you get a lot of hands on exposure quite early, which is one of the great things about it. Um, on the top row, that kind of probably things. So you get to go, sir, not of conferences and learn really cool things. And what that is is a portable MRI scanner. So this company bought on MRI machine to a ball. One of the networking about it said, It's the first time in the world one you can get a beer on your head scanned in the same room post Quite funny. So they were basically giving out free brain MRI's. So, yeah, I got to experience that, which is just another town. It'd thing. And just next to that, I'm using some expired kit to try and practice deploying a stent. So that's just a expired biliary stent, which I'm trying to deploy. So on the bottom there, that is meetings and reporting because that is part of job you do. You have to report. So one of the things we start on is just doing X ray reporting. So that's me doing them some A any reporting and googling things as well, because you do sometimes have time to do that. It's a job which is nice. Um, don't always work. So we've got a couple of nine people on. Do we get on quite well. So in the top right there, that's that's just one of the socials that we went out once on the bottom. Right again. That's me practicing ultrasound biopsy skills that with one of the consultants, Well, Onda. All of these are really pictures off. Really, things have done over the years, so there's a lot of variety in the training scheme, and it's Yeah, it's not just sitting in a dark room up on this, eh? Sometimes of a typical week. As a trainee, you have a mixed off say specialty sections. So depending on what block you're on, there is a little look different. But then you also have some general sessions. A swell on what that means is like, you know, general radiology, for example, bit of ultrasound. Or maybe if you have general extra porting, it's not tied to a specific specialty. It's just something like that everyone does on the exact composition of that varies depending on which program you're on. Two, for example. For us, it's block struck like everything is in blocks. So, for example, next week I'm going to move on the chest. So, like, nine out of my 10 sessions going to be focused on chest radiology and then one out of 10 is a general thing. But I know some other schemes have a different split. And so they don't do it in blocks. They might do, say, four general sessions and then six and mix of anything so does vary, but you'll get training on everything. So you'll meet you meet the competencies of the whole curriculum. So I'm you know, it doesn't really matter where you go in that sense, and the best thing about it is you get lots and lots of consultant supervision. So when you start radiology, you don't know anything on. So the consultants will teach you, like everything you do is checked by a consultant and you get feedback on even at the start, like all your X ray reports are checked and then you get slowly, more independent, doing things. So again, most most places don't just throw you in the deep end, they actually going to teach you how to do things. You get lots of the consultants supervision, and then you and yeah, slowly become independent. So eyes get you feel like getting tall, which is really nice, and you're not just kind of doing service provisions. Eso here's just a screen shot of, um well, like an example timetable. Say we have to teaching most mornings from eight or nine for work, and that's delivered by one of our one of the sub specialty radiologists. So from the morning session, they'll be a couple of two or three sessions of reporting like general reporting say, on chest that we're mix of chest X rays and CT scans with inpatient outpatient scans. Um, we have to teaching every week. So Monday afternoons are are exam focus teaching where we basically cover the curriculum. Um, you might have a couple of procedure list. So, for example, for chest, that's going to be like chest biopsies. Um, and then again, it more reporting. Hot CT is just like general impatient. See two reporting. Um, duty is quite important aspect of what you do, so that's ah, multi disciplinary team where you have radiologists, a physician, surgeons or discussing patients in the in a room and deciding on management. And, you know, often in most of those cases, the radiologist place an important role. So usually it's the radiologist that prepares for the MG teas and presents. The cases and talk to the imaging on day usually play quite active part in the management, not just from a diagnostic perspective, but if you you know a lot of things have interventional management as well, so the radio just really plays an important role in in MND T. So you get to spend time and MDT as well. Initially, you generally sit quietly in the back, but as you get a bit more senior, you present cases for the for the radiology team and, you know, eventually lead MBT. So it's quite an important part of the radiologist workflow man, often interviews he had asked about it. So it's worth, um, attending salmon. It could be that or end of the student or it's a foundation doctor. But just appreciate. What if it's quite good? Um, yeah, duties. The other thing. We're probably most of your interact, so duties essentially taking the referrals and answering the phone. Um, it's busy. So the phone things every two minutes and the after report during it. So that's probably why most radiologists are a bit in or a bit nothing personal. It's just it's It's a busy shift which, unfortunately you do have to do as part of the job. So yeah, it is what it is. So typically, that's kind of what we would look like from ST to. We have roughly one evening shift a week. Uh, so be on court or nine. PM where you basically do out of ours work. So there'll be a mix of ultrasound and 70 depending on, but, you know, basically so in terms of a week in the life of a consultant so very similar, The good thing is that as a consultant, you can be quite flexible on your job. So you basically just meet with people and you decide what your interests are, and you can tailor the job plan depending on what you want. So no two consultants do the exact same rotor when there's a mix of general work as well as a subspecialty interest. What? Well, now, obviously in bigger centers with larger departments. There are more sub specialist radiologists, whereas in a DJ eight most, most of them steak, what general on do bit of everything. And of course, if you do interventional radiology or, um, SK Radiology, most of your time is spent doing procedures that rather than reported, so it really depends on on what you like. But, you know, if you don't want to do any procedures, that's fine. If you want to do mostly procedures, that's fine as well, really tailor the job depending on what 11. 1st off, Um, which brings me on to some of the pros of radiology, and I'm sure talked about this already. But I think variety is like the number one thing in In an era of sub specialization, I think it's one of the few specialties where you still remain very general on. Do you literally get to see you know we'll see patients deal with problems from all systems, which is great, and there's a real problem solving aspect to it. So you really you know, you feel like your and you're really engaging a brain at work, which is really nice, you know, it's really thin fat cases and come to come to decisions, which is really nice. Of course, there's a new tech a well, so no, no, everyone, much tax. But you know, there's a big kind of focus on MedTech. Radiology, by its nature, is dependent on technology and beautiful. So that's something that you like them. It's a great for it to go into. Uh, I think ultimately the training is just fantastic, like it's very focused. You have you train in. The activities you do are very relevant to. What you do is to consult so you don't do that much service provision that's not relevant on your supervised by consultant. So you know, you might think are five years. Six years is a short training program, but the reason it's short is because it's very focused and genuinely like, you know, in every day. So it is really good. It's almost like going to med school again. And in terms of the job market is really good like this. There's an imaging shortfall, and more and more scans happen every day, So the demand for radiologists are just going to increase even more is already high, So all that means is you won't be struggling to get a job once you finish training like you, will you? You almost guaranteed a job, basically, So that's That's obviously very good on day. In some places, they allow you to do home reporting for some of your sessions. So there's flexible working possible or less than full time. You know, lots of trainees and consultant to do that. So it's not like a you know, not well trying hard place. Plenty of people do that. I'm gonna put this cross it because, um, and if you read on that Twitter or whatever, there's lots of people talking about burnout, and it's an important issue. But, you know, the train is in radiology, happy. Like, generally speaking, there's a low burn out rate and a high satisfaction right? And there's something to be said about that, Um, you know, it's it's not worth it. No ring. I think it's important to pick up the training scheme that will allow you to develop skills, and I'm really honored to Definitely. It takes the box for that in terms of corns. So there are obviously negatives when you are at work is busy so you mentioned that there's an increase in demand for imaging, and that's only going up. So, for example, that might registrar at my hospital will be reporting about 40 to 50 CT scans and nine basically no break or constantly reporting for the night. So it is busy there is now compared to if you do, say, medicine, there is a lot know a patient contact specially early on again when you tell me your subspecialty interests that obviously change, depending on what you want to do. But for some, that's that can be quite frustrating at the start because you've gone from a century. 100% clinical, too. Then you know, almost going cold turkey and start, so that could be a bit of a shock to the system. To some people, um, you mentioned it's still largely a service specialty, so you tend to do things for other specialties of that makes sense. If you don't take primary responsibility for most patients, I guess some would say that's ah pro. That's a condom pending on the and, of course, it's a steep learning curve. I mean, because it's general. You have to know bit about everything and So although you do get trained, you do. You have to study on, you know, very for exams, but even for general life as well. And you can't black it like, you know. So if you do a scan and that consultant ask you the next day and you haven't read, that's really obvious that you do have to do a bit of studying outside your hours as well, which is fine, but I guess it's a bit more like going back to medical school where you do you have to study a little bit, and that's perhaps slightly different. Some other special teams where where the reliance on my last sometime next part of my talk. So in the interest of time, I'm not gonna spend too long on it because I was going to do a whole type in the chart if you know who it is. So this is Laura short, and she is the first patient Teo have undergone, and I our procedure eso in 1964 this patient presented to the vascular surgeons and it kept sanction. You didn't amputation on, but she refused. On this day was the first day where you're a D ology was used to treat a patient. So Charles daughter was a radiologist city of developing this dilator. On day, he used it on this patient to try and open up the vessels on. She had almost immediate improvement of the leg pain and eventually her foot almost completely healed. So this is the first case of an angioplasty. And that was done not not no ago, actually. So since then, I mean, I asked, developed as a very huge subspecialty, then radiology on this is really the birth of it. So again, it's a It's a clinical specialty that uses imaging and normally notice of techniques to treat patients say, Traditionally it was just procedures. So you're a diagnostic radiologist to them how to do procedures. But now that the evidence for I ours increasing massively thie workflow is a bit more like how a surgeon would work. So you have the time doing your procedures. Most I our services now on planets. For a small number of patients that have done is an inpatient. You'll see them on the ward. Onda get not everywhere, but in some places you can make in discharge patients, especially the elective moment as well. Um, so for those of you haven't heard of it, Or if you're thinking about surgery, it's definitely something to to consider is a carafe off? Um and really, there's again. I'm gonna keep saying us that it's is really true. The variety is just insane. I mean, um, both in terms of what you do. So you know, you basically do procedures on the whole body on you can do that in a single day, but also different types of people on personalities also enter. I are So I put this here and it's very interesting because there's this guy called Eric. Hello, who's a IR trainee in Stanford? And he talks a lot about the anthropology off special to use. And if that's something interested in that, I definitely checking out. He talks about the two types of personalities that inter I are, you know, kind of a surgical radiologist. You're primarily a radiologist, and then you transition into I are or you're predominantly a surgeon. You know, you think like the like the surgeon and then that imaging conditioning toe. I are both of these personality types really dried, so, you know, there's a variety of people. And again, that's another unique thing, which is just quite nice is again a week in the life. So you usually spend 2 to 33 days a week in your in the angiogram doing procedures. I have some general reports and sessions, a swell, maybe 1 to 2 a week, depending on where you work on diet or of all this from home. But obviously you have to come in. A procedure needs to be done on how busy this is really dependent where you are. So if you're really busy like Tertiary Trauma transplant center than it will be busy on call, you'll have to come in and maybe even do multiple cases on a shift where, as if you're at smaller hospital, you know it's non resident encore. You might not even need to come in, so it depends on where you work. So, for example, on a single day you might have a wheeze different things on the list. For example, if you're doing an emergency on inpatient list, you might do it a drain for a status you might do an embolism patient to stop the G. I bleed. You might do an endovascular Triple A repair, uh, seven and ivc filter, which is a device put in the Venus Cavor to stop. DVT is from becoming piece. Um, you can treat he's using I also you can have a catheter in the pulmonary artery and do it from below. Sister, get rid of it. Oh, on the pasta may say for hydronephrosis you can, you know, do you compress the kidney? Some examples of elected procedure See biopsies for a tissue diagnosis you might do fibroid embolization, so that's blocking off the supply to fibroids and shrinking them down. Um, some patients have arterial venous malformation so you can inject medication into the malformation toe sclerosis, it and essentially get rid of it. Might put in a port for someone to get the chemotherapy 100 plasty as you mentioned. Yeah, but also in cancer care A swell. So a taste, or why 90 procedure is developing what? Delivering either chemo or radiotherapy directly into the into the blood vessel that supplies the tumor. And you could literally do a mix of these and one day. So, yeah, this is basically what you can do, and I are, as you can probably tell him a little bit biased because this is my interest, but it's it's really cool. And, you know, there's a lot of writing in this job on. I went on and on about two much. But you know, there's lots of patient contact your your traders and I are. So you're trained in diagnostic and interventional radiology. So you have both your sets, which really allows you to kind of have to write in your job. Um, the technology and medical devices is really important. It's central toe. Our practice on gets, Ah, you know, it's a new urine expanding field, which means there's still a lot of unexplored territory. So if you so you have a particular new sure that you want to develop, then you really can't do that. And I think everything you do has quite high impact. Often you see the results of your actions instantly. Like so, for example, you do a really a lead amble ization. You can sometimes literally see the BP going up on the table, and it's just a really nice, satisfying feeling. Um, obviously I'm trying to be a balance is possible and give me a full picture and the cons of I really depend on your perspective. I think so. If you're primarily thinking about doing radiology and you're thinking, should I do? I are compared to, like, you know, diagnostic radiology. Then the main cons are that it's number training, and it is busier work longer hours compared to diagnostic radiology on. But you also have that physical in mind because you know you're standing. You're rating say those kind of things. You think about that. I know it's not always talked about that. It's important to mention private practices. Well, generally, in the UK, there's a bit more in diagnostic radiology because a lot of stuff is outsourcing that people do extra reporting. Azzam outsource. So that's where some of the private work comes in on. That's a bit higher compared to I R. Safer, considering surgery and the cons of slightly different because you're thinking right, she ready surgery? Should I do radiology to do interventional? And I think the main Concerta because of the variety like and things changing a fast pace, you often have to learn a lot and do new things even when you're quite senior, Um, which may be less the case. You know, you know, say if you're like a a basket a surgeon and you're towards the end of your career, I mean, you know, lend me where is even an IR is a senior. I might be doing the things, and that's not new. No one wants. That course is not open procedures. It's all minimally invasive, image guided stuff. So if open surgeries, you think that obviously it's not gonna be you, You do have less patient ownership compared to surgery and also your academic be inclined. I think the field is newer, and there's not as much kind of investment for development into the academic side. I mean, it is changing, but I think other specialties definitely have more research base compared to the I. R. Um, I'm just gonna cause quickly and then if there are any questions from your issue, just not going, we haven't got any questions come through at the moment. I I have asked people If they do, just make sure if you do have any, just put them in the chart and we can ask them. But if you just crack, um, for now, that's all right. Yeah, yeah, So I just spent a couple of talking about the future radiology, and I mentioned a I miss. So I think the first thing to say is imaging is going to be hugely in demand. I mean, now they're saying that there's already 30 something percent shortfall in the radiology work force and given the rate of increase for, you know, demanding imaging, that's just going to increase in the future. Um, so there's going to be even more demand for radiology consultant, so they'll be an expansion in training them. That's already is happening by the real college. But it's, um yeah, there's definitely an increase in demand for it, not just in the UK, but hopefully as well. And of course, new technologies are always at the heart of radiology and mass. Just gonna continue. So, um, there's a big thing on augmented reality. So on the left here, this is the radiologist who's put on augmented reality headset. And so what it does is as you scanning and trying to do the procedure. Some of the patients images conflicts up on his augmented reality cancer on you can combine different energy methods to really help you do you know old men that procedure or do something that you could be able to do before So in the technology with in radiology is expanding like so quickly, and it's just a really exciting time to get into it on the right here. That's kind of more advanced imaging techniques. Of course, you probably know about X ray. CT is MRI's, but these air bit more complicated so you can do like effusion imaging. So at the top here, this is basically East right, which is an A I enabled platform that you can use Teo. You basically deploy this A. I system on a head scan and it tells you which bits of salvageable on which bits maybe I'm not on bit helps her patients election from mechanical from Mexico stroke. So all of these new technologies, you know, it's not just a pipe dream that's actually being used clinically, and it's really good to see the development of the field. On down here is a molecular functional imaging, so you can basically not just image anatomy but image physiology as well. So you know you can develop by market that kind of thing and assess the body's function for imaging rather than, you know, just get a still snapshot of the anatomy. So, um, I have to mention I I it's you know, it's talked about a lot, and I think a lot of people say, Oh, I was gonna replace radiologists I think predominantly because of twins like that. So Andrew, he basically said up the course error course on a I said the world renowned course on a machine learning. And he said, Should radiologist be worried about the job? Because we can now diagnosed pneumonia and so that essentially created this huge panic, that radio station on the average. But they don't use unworried if that makes sense, because I don't think, Hey, I wore a say, um, so every new technology a I included on it is through a bit of a hike cycle. So to start everyone things on My God, it's going to replace everything. You then kind of the heart kind of dies down, and there's a bit of a truck because, you know, say investors have invested so much money in this technology and realizing that a lot of promise of their made were a bit height like heightened So then there's a bit like a a I again, and then you eventually reach this equilibrium, and you find a middle ground where I can help you find it's nature. Then radiology, Um, and this particle in the right kind of highlight it say, And a lot of studies at the start said, I have a higher success rate than radiologist, But in the real world, that didn't necessarily translate course. This is a real world study, and it shows that radiologist who use a Are you still employed perform better than without using a I. And I think it's important because it highlights that the role of a rise gonna be augmenting radiologist practice and not replacing them. And so a lot of the kind of hyper and a I will is height predominantly So you know, you know, entering a dying for your if you choose to do radiology, just like any new technology, it's just the technology that will help practice and you went replace the radiologist or the role of radiologists with healthcare. Of course, I I will continue to grow, you know, there's advantages and robotics. There's kind of a newer imaging things where you can have radiation free. I are. So this is a fiber optic cable that was used to do a triple A repair. So this patient was hot, was able to have a triple A repair of that radiation. So So one of the technology has been developed, but also new procedures and therapy. So a couple of pictures and got here on the left. Here, Uh, this is an angiogram of someone's knee on this procedure school Jinich in artery embolization. And it treats pain for mount to moderate osteoarthritis patients who have tried conservative management but not severe enough to have surgery to. There's currently some trials going on, and there's some decent data showing that there's pain relief for two years. So, you know, new procedures coming in every day, not every day, but you know quite often. And then on the right here, this is thyroid ablation. So what you can do is you for benign thyroid sits that causing symptoms rather than have a family fire neck. To me, you can just do an ablation on the ultrasound guidance you don't need like general anesthetic, and it's proven to be just as good a surgery so you know they'll be continually develop new techniques and procedures which get to be on the forefront off. So terms of take home point, I think summarize. There is a career in radiology, whatever you like, whatever your interest are. So if you want to be really involved in patient care, you can. If you don't, that's fine. You can work the road and sit down before or you work in a team of people. Yeah, you can stay, general, or you can have your nation be really good. And your special is, um um, the training is great. Lots of high satisfaction on really in the future is bright for radiology, and the job market is is very good. There's lots of resource is out there. You know there's a writer, different things, depending on what you like in terms of the top ones in radiology. Cathy, the best deal on it's very comprehensive and has lots of information about all aspects of radiology. Uh, there's a podcast called Rad Cast, and they talk about different topics. Have applications advice, but they also interviewed people about different topics with in radiology. So if you're interested, then I don't you check him out Pretty good. No only lad cast by our junior is also run like workshops and events about IR and applications. That's where it kept me out of that. So Harry of interest, um, put a bunch of, like slides or people to follow on Instagram if if he used that from that, that support cast, Yeah, there's plenty of resource is out there, depending on what you like. So I definitely get some of those, but follow and out to find out more but about careers on the application process. So the training pathway for radiology is essentially after afternoon and apply for the radiology directly. You don't need to do but medical or surgical training or anything like that. You can apply directly to radiology. It is run through training, but I are has separate selection that has 24, so you need to reapply for that. But, um, you still have your radio with your training number, so it's not like the out job. Essentially, um, in the past, you needed, um, RCP and MRCS. Now that's not the case. Low does get the points. You don't have to have it on, but most people now applies enough to, but not so people have done, say, surgical training, medical training, something else give you then applied for radiology. And that's fine as well. You know, additional experience before radiology always helps. So not a bad thing. If you've done something else, then go for it. Um, the exams you do record FRC are so in that split up into various parts of part one is anatomy in physics, which I did this year. The next one is basically a a single best artery on the technology, and then to be is a virus style exam. Um, any basically, do all of your examined by the start of ST for, um, new. So traditional. This wasn't the case, but new from this year. You can You can choose a preference to have an integrated I our program. So your eye are training number is secured from day one on there. 24 places for this last year. Essentially, what it is is your training is pretty similar. But you basically have a session a week, and I are doing arrested two and three block, but also you have a 2 to 3 month block of I'll within your core training, which most most places do. But not everyone does on your PSA. Get a bit of time in I our clinic and MDT so that you can maintain your clinical confidence is is well. ST four is the traditional route for our vacations. There's about 50 paces a year. I don't know how many there will be split between s two on a nasty for now that they've got this new integrated track. But in the past, before you had ST once a like application, they were 56 places roughly a year, and I are still four numbers. Um, so the application process opens in November on Oriole, just like most other specialties. That's round one. Some of you might look a mother rounds we can enter in, say, February. It's really for those have already completed after you and maybe take a nap three or a gap here. Occasionally, some places open up, but the bulk of the places are around one where the application opens in November of the year before you enter, Um, and how it works is you put in the application Oriole, you then do this exam called the multi specialty recruitment assessment. So that's a two part exam where you do a single best aren't on clinical medicine and an extra TIAs well on that score is used to basically short list. Yeah, after you get short listed, then the top 600 get invited to interview on. Then, after your interview, your scores were allowed it up. So your heart failure score. You're into the score and your MSR a school that all added up to get the final score. And then you get your office. Um, so, as you mentioned shortness thing is based on that exam alone and nothing else. So it is important to do well in the exam. But after you do after you meet that cut off, then your port so early in the interview takes in, This is just a kind of a numerical representation on how they actually even scoring It is congestive. It's becoming more and more competitive. Tickle your numbers. So this is a screenshot taken from the World College website. And, as you can see, yes, the number of places does increase roughly every year, but the applications increases by a lot more than that on, although This is not official data. I heard that 2000 or more than 2000 people applied for the 2022 entry. Let the people are starting next week, so it is getting more and more competitive. Um, so if we're think, if you do know you are thinking about radiology early than preparing really does obviously give me an advantage within the application injured We just a question just asking Which sort of the areas and Diener ease off for the direct IR entry spaces Last year, she wanted to know. What if it was everywhere or specific places? Yes, so it's no everywhere just yet because it's relatively new. But I think a lot of training seems aren't exactly sure whether they can accommodate one, that I think they're about seven places in London and then the remainder of the face or doctored around Barrett's areas of the country. Like in Manchester, Liverpool leads have them on, then the rest of just a few kind of sceneries. But I think they will increase because it's a college backed initiative. So probably this year, most years will have one, but it's really up to the individual like training program director. So it's hard to say, like sometimes they literally might make the last minute decision to offer a place. So, you know, not sure by the end of March, so every Diener eat. But most injuries will have one. Um, if that's what you want to go for. But it's not the if you want to do, I are. You don't have to have that. Like most people still go through ST for selection for my arm. So it's not the most common way to get in because it's new. It's still not sure why they're It will become the more common area or common refund treat. But either way, they they've maintained that both go through. It's fine, so it's not there any chance to get in. Basically, you are just in the interest of time. I'll try and wrap through the rest of the sides, and then we can do questions at the end. If that's all right, I don't know what that many left, but yes, so this is just ah, screen shot of the earlier sections. So as of last year, there were five sections, the first on those commitments, especially and specialty. Additional qualifications. I know there was a thing from the iron to selection that the genetic points out for interpolated degrees. Um, I think that's gonna be most specialties, but they haven't confirmed that just yet. Audits and quality improvement, Another section teaching and then research as well. Um, and I think the key thing to mention that radiology compared to say, I am tea or course surgical. Um, there's not many degrees of separation by each. Each section has to one or zero point, so every point really does count. And when it's scaled up to 40 it really does make a difference. So you should try and get many points is possible. And, of course, that early you prepare better. But you can get so many points last minute as well. So I wouldn't worry if you made a later decision. You know you can still get You can still get a decent number a point and making up patient something might be medical students are like toward the end of meds schools. I thought I'd give a few top tips and what to do it Various stages of training. Now, if you are lucky enough to get some radiology experience of the med student is important not to pigeon hole yourself too early. I think I mean the number one thing you could do medical stores learned general medicine your skills up because the best radiologists are good at clinical medicine and good. So the only time you get to really learn that properly is in medical school. So it's really, you know, within the glacto all of that it will becomes important, especially in radio. Even now say, I'm doing an ultrasound scan and you know, when I examined the patient, I'm using skills I learned in medical school. And no, I didn't learn them in radiology. So having a good base is really important, really does help. Um, of course, if you get well in med school, all those prizes count points so they will get counted, I think. Do you keep an open mind on extra few different specialties launching it did on Do seek out mentals. I think they make the difference on your placement. You find someone, he he kind of takes you under their wing. It just makes it a bit of a difference. So it's important to find seek out mentors and safe to do a project under promise, but over deliver to say like, Oh, yeah, maybe I can do it. But then over deliver on what you said and that that really impresses mentals of a general rule. Um, in terms of stuff to do for your portfolio, if you have the opportunity to do an elective than you know, definitely do it. If you can do a research project is worth doing that, really, because often takes time, you know, like publications can take a couple of years to materialize. So the earlier you do it, the more chance you got for getting in time for the application. There's like s a competitions which confirmed when a prize so that society of radiologists and training they run a medicine s a competition. That's what entering, I'd say, avoid audits because the points are specifically for Post graduate or it's I mean, it's worth doing one. So you understand the process, so that makes it the next time you do a little bit easier. But it's not going to get you on your point. So, you know, I wouldn't rush to do in order it just in the med school. Um, if your foundation chapter know some of you will be starting next week, so good luck hurts. All of you know, there's kind of two aspect. So on the job, there's lots of things you can do to help yourself, and then we'll support inside as well. So in terms of job selection of general jobs in the past year, like state needy jen mad gen surgeon, tense care, they all give you kind of good general understanding of medicine. And that really helped you in radiology. Of course, if your like, procedurally, I are inclined, then Surgical jobs, of course, help you more. And it's often better to do enough to because you are usually on a S H o rotor. See, I'll get some beers from clinic time and you have to park patients, and you just get a little bit more Tommy compared to if you're on that form, usually spend a higher percentage of the time on the war, so you don't quite get some experience. And, of course, it's always good to offer to discuss all the radiology request. Um, and most people would try and get out of it possible, so if you are brave, hard to speak to the radiologist to shit because then you get your face known in the department. So when you go down and or speak to them on the phone, you can say you know, blah, blah, blah. Gold is can tell by the way I'm also interested in radiology. Can I come stay for the case, or can I do it? Taste a week or something you know is always good to show interest. It is people remember you. So, yeah, that's always a good way to get involved or, you know, So your patient needs and I our procedure on bits not too bad on the ward. You can always go with them and ask to scrub the case, because most I also super nights, I'll let you do it. So on my Jensen job is nephron a patient. You know, the gold bladder drained, and so I I went down with them because they needed. They said we need another one to get with them, but I asked to scrub for the case, and I like I got to do most of the procedure and say that's just a nice way to kind of get some experience while you're actually at work. Then, of course, you have to do spend your free time doing fairly stuff order. It's important to get some on the application. It says you need more than one per year to score Max points, so you can just ask the radiology department. I mean, there's loads and loads of audits and most departments. I'm sure they're happy in a happily you know, you do some work for them. Taste Week is a must if you can, you should do an off period. I mean, now the new have to use a gonna start, and within a few weeks, there taste of weeks. Lots of gonna be really, really full because lots of people want our last minute one before, um, applications. So you get one say, kind of march April before the summer or before the application period. You just more likely to get get it on the days that you have leave. So, um, it's not, you know, if you can't, you can't. But it's just something to think about. Um And then teaching is something that you should try and get involved in and organize a regional national program. It's something to get to Max Point. So you know you don't have to do something really crazy to care of regional thing. You know you have friends in other hospitals. When the do you know when you see it, just link up with them and organize something regional that's not too difficult to do on. You should be able to do that, Uh, or you can do national societies and get involved. Um, it doesn't have to be in radiology, so do it in any specialty if you want. Or if you're thinking about two specialties, then you can do your teaching thing. And another specialty Still count for radiology, so it's not wasted effort. Alternatively, even get PG, sir, because that's also that was to get two points. But it is quite expensive. Another cost between 3 to 5 g. So it's not an option for most people. But that option does exist if you wanna do that. Of course, now it's a few months before the application opens again, and in the taste of weeks, and make sure you do already do one you might have to get if you can't find one in your hospital. You might have to get us where and find a different hospital. I mean, most places have you have somewhere within a reasonable community, even if it's not repairing hospital another one. So you know, just email, then. If you're not having any luck in your current one, you know you can go on the trust website and find a contact and can't email until you get replies, so you should be able to get a taste a week. Um, of course, to take time off, it's. And if you want, some national conference is to submit to I think Teo and junior doctor focus ones are the ascites. That's a society of radiologist in training there in annual conference, usually takes place around summer so you can get that a couple months before applying. There's also when I are focused on the national IR Symposium that's taken place in London in October, So if you have eye are related or it's or projects, then do submit it for that. This the deadline is not to be the end of July, but it's probably going to be extended. So that's all on the Higher Juniors website and social media researchers hard to do last minute. But if you say if you're like department has some reviews, that's a nice way to do something about quicker. One isn't taken long compared to, say, clinical project, but it does rely on being proactive because Mr you've got a particular deadline for the for the research. Worse, that consultant doesn't so often. It will be yourself driving, then signature. Um, just in interest of time, I'm going to skip this. It's a bit outside of discussion, but we did talk about the and that's already interview structure changed a lot on Does. This is a lot of public information. For the last year, it was a team's interview with the know If it's going to get back in person, it's just one sec, one station with a few different section. A lot of it's general. So there is a starting thing talking about why radiology and the commitment, but the rest of it really is about different skills. So coconut pressure and teamwork and you know, other skills. You might have that not specific to radiology, although, of course, if you use radiology examples not gain, spread it. But there's a move towards things being a bit more general. So it's not like the whole in two years all about radiology. There's a few different sections who I'm Yeah, that's my presentation done. I'm just leave a few minutes for questions or it talks longer than expected to that. Every does start at a time. No, thank you so much. And so that's really, really interesting and informative. I mean, I learned a lot, definitely didn't know much about radiology before, and I'm sure a lot of medical shoots with the same. Um, we have about three questions. Onda First one is how does the competitive application to I. R s t four work? Do you still keep your clinical radiology sport? If you don't commit toe, I r yeah, you do. So when you apply your your clinical radiology trading numbers guarantee. So if you don't get into I'll, they can't put your you brought down to the place down like, you know, general ideology. But yeah, I was just a separate application because Normal Radiologist ST for 25 or a IR is up to us to six. So because you're forming a training, that's when you train number, you do have to reapply. It's done locally, so basically you apply with this evening and you get interviewed by the local eye, our department and ahead of school and that kind of thing. You just generally has a different applications. I know, like some Diener is. It's more competitive because it justice and some degenerative last competitive from usually they take local people fast on. If they don't hire enough people locally, they'll advertise it nationally. Other Now do you know equal if there's an area you want to stay in a safe, safe want to do are and your reason between I are direct entry. And, um, I don't really want a gay verses on clinical radiology number in the place of dreams. It's better to take that because you have security and location, and it's not the last time by for eye on it, because you need to meet and 56 years of your life to this place. So you want to pick it and then actually, one of those because pretty nice, miserable, depending six years, so you really don't want to be all right. That's good tonight. Um, so we've got the order criteria say is one per year post grab to get to get two out of two points. So if you're applying it off to you, expected to have done one in F one and one enough to buy time of applying in November. No, I did. I think it's a completed year, so you need to have done multiple in your one yet. But, you know, in the three again, they intentionally kept very vague. But if you think that you apply on the number of the, uh, proair step in so there's no way it's very difficult to get it to you or what it's done in four months. Looking not in your best IQ. I didn't do much very good. So you after you to enough one, then? Yeah, as it starts about all these things change. So I can't promise that this is gonna be exactly the same for the year, but they didn't change too much. But you know, both orders don't have to be good quality. You can do one, probably decent with it and try and get that presented somewhere. And then another just usually order that doesn't drink doesn't change practice of that much. And you just get a lot. Okay? Research wise, Where are easier places to publish? Also, have you got any recommendations on conferences to attend? Yeah, easier things to public. So generally speaking, like radiology journals, have a slightly lower impact back there than a lot of other academic site is less developed. So it's really if you did a project in radiology in the car, a balloon like scientific study in another specialty, just lightly hurting him publicly. Radiology easier. But I didn't start using places to publish because every journal will require needs to be, like use a little quality so on. It's not to say, because it really depends on the quality of the project, but if you're looking at radiologist specific ones on the UK last, you had a burn off completely Eliquis and it's like a hose things on. There's no like subspecialty journals within the UK, but some other journals, like there's one called Diagnostic in Interventional Radiology Ritual, the radiology journal for the Turkish Society of Radiology, which is also a problem that I D. That's another part of journal going to get from the radiology published Go to that. Basically, there are some of the journals that a smaller but not a problem that idea, too. You might not get credit for it. Those will be a mask injections. But better to get permanently one. Because on some specialty say you have to include crucial the middle of the It just means you get spotting in world on a recommendations on any conferences. Yes, sir, the SRT and thie I'll juniors. National ones always want to go. Do you have? Do you need a doctor's note of it? Ones? Um, they're relatively cheap, compulsive and the other conferences. But I know that the national IR symposium is going to be actually maxed. Not more than that. So what? Something to go to and try to be affordable? It's one of the salty kind of writing difficult prices about for people 60 lbs. So most junior doctor, that's what in the budget for most junior doctors come in there. You know medical students. Some bigger societies have adult conferences. Well, it's a medical student programming junior doctor programming free. So the European our conference has a three program medical students, and it's usually in like Barcelona or less bang and say you got somewhere If you get some new present during medical student, then the conference is free and often your medical store money for your lights. Accommodation. That's a good confident if you're If you're a medical student, want to go for something that has a medical student? 11 program. We're SARS like the British is light of interventional radiology. They have s a competition that's closing next week so they have a few free registrations for a few like three people on the conversation. There's obviously there s a competition when it's but very often give three. Three registration. Even if you don't win the competition. Turning our medical students. So that's another one. And what's taking basing Blast go in November. Horrible weather. Her bloods get November, but it's Ah, there's a conference stating Going to be relatively cheap. Uh huh. Okay. Thank you. So we've got another one. Do you interview every Dina you rank in your application? I'll just do one interview for the whole application. No, it's just so for ST one entry. It's one interview for everything. That s t four. And I are because you're applying toe like local denies you interview on each Do that okay, and then someone has asked of you. Any sources are websites for learning how to interpret scans. So, yeah, I think there's a few for If you're looking for Oscar stuff, I mean you to Maddox's, it's fine. You don't need a drunk stuff. Radiology Catholic has some stuff is, well, that's quite good on his also audiology masterclass, which has almost like instructed course, is on different things. So that's something that's worth doing. I personally like radiology assistant. It's less structured and doesn't have as much stuff. But I found that was very good for explaining, like radiology things. We're also bringing in the clinical studies. It wasn't a purely, you know, Here's a picture. This is what it means, but it into great things quite nicely. So if that's how you learn and I don't need to talk about radiology is another good one. I think those are made ones. Let's say now, like quite a few more. But I think stick from in everyone's well established. It's a learning. Yeah, and I don't Do you need Teo. We've got two more, but you're in a rush of you or anything to head off. I've got a couple of years, maybe, but then no additional questions. Is that okay? Yeah, that's what you find. So is it worth attending interview courses? Radiology course is to boost application. Um, it's hard to say. I think, um, some doing some day, if you have access to people, will give you more interviews and you can, you know, you have reason to get into the skills and you rude stuff on the Internet. I think I've been fine. And you copy that musical is there are, like, lots of free. We kind of preparation resource is out there and freak Lebanon's on safe with running the time or, you know, you're just want. You prefers being having a course rather than reading that might work and the cheapest on it's probably wrapped cast They probably not meant to promoting. And I don't have shares in round cost, by the way, but they do a good podcast, and I think generally they're they're coarse as we've been using it like an online for school that you don't have 1 to 1. So, actually, well, I personally didn't go on any course is that I've heard that that you're going to go on one. That's probably one. There's a couple of other, like, local ones that some departments run I haven't heard about. Um yeah, I think it depends on you, cause some some people don't need a course. You know, you have enough general interview skills and people on mentors to give you more interviews. That course of when I had anything. Really? Because the information's out there. I think, really, the value is getting one toe, one feed, one for the radiology consultant call training. So if your back, you know, you got to really think is the course is the money I put in about it? Yeah, on just one more quick one s o. If you apply, I r s t one alongside diagnostic radiology. Do you get two interviews? How does it work so currently? No, you just apply for radiology on when you rank your jobs, you can rank jobs that at risk, you know, standard radiology, or there are some options that say integrated eye on you just rank them in the feet. Um knows it's not clear, but as of now, no, you don't. You don't have a separate interview. There's no specific on our selection. You just apply from radiology. And if you want that job, rank it high. Okay? Okay. Great. Well, that was really good. Thank you for answering all those questions. I'm sorry, that overrun a little bit. Um, guys, just make sure you feel in the back for my put the link in the chart and you'll get a certificate. And just make sure you keep it Can show your commitment to specialty lace down the line. Um, thank you so much injury on, but maybe have you in here again? Some point. Yeah, Absolutely. And, you know, if anyone just have any questions and I put my I'm trying to use, like, twitter for professional things more so cheeky. Shame. This problem you can do you have in that? But yeah, I'm happy to give, Like, my email if people want. Well, that's that's fine. Trying to work before you marry, and yeah. Yeah, if anyone wants, um, in jersey mild, Just let us know what Mine, The sleep, and we can put you in contact. Um, okay. Thank you so much. Um, see you guys later. Thanks. Okay. You have learned something