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And thanks Mike and, and now we're going to uh hear from Professor Neil Scolding, uh professor of neurology at um North Bristol and uh very an expert in multiple sclerosis. So he built up the research in multiple sclerosis at North Bristol Hospital. He's going to talk about us terrible neurosurgeons. Thank you, Neil. Thank you very much, Ian and, and uh I'm absolutely thrilled as I've mentioned already to be here. Thank you so much for the invitation. Uh It's really lovely to be part of this celebration. Uh It is slightly petrifying to see my predecessors adventures with this as I've got quite a few slides. But uh we'll, we'll, we'll do what we can. I will explain the terrible profession which some of you might recognize and I have carefully put in quotation marks. Um Having said I pleased I am uh talking about the neurosurgeon neurologist relationship, uh is dangerous water. Uh And I'm possibly the only one who who identifies with one particular party. Uh If this represents uh that relationship, it hasn't always been uh an entirely uh mutually respectful relationship across the country and one's aware of certain places of uh more or less open warfare. Um And really Bristol and French a in particular where I spent most of my uh working time could not be more different. So I started in 1999 as the first director of the Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, the first burden Professor of Clinical Neurosciences and both of those uh title's those uh phenomena. The Institute and the new chair were very large, actually the work of neurosurgeons among others. But in particular, Rick Nelson instrumentals in bringing about the establishment of the Institute of Clinical Neurosciences. At the same time as the Burden uh Center Burden Hospital moved over. Uh Burden Institute moved over from uh Stoke Park. With this principle aim of attempting to uh reinvigorate research to develop further research, to build links with uh the university uh in the Clinical Neurosciences. Uh Were they successful in that creation? Well, I'm probably the last person to offer a judgment on that, but we've heard about some aspects of the success already. Uh the weekly Wednesday meetings with not just neurosurgeons but neurologist, neurophysiologist, neuropathologist, the whole spectrum, discussing cases that I think was very successful. The Burden Center I think was very successful at a very good Neurosciences library which again had to come across from Stoke Park, an excellent place for work for journal clubs uh and also hosted laboratories which we eventually moved into for some of our own research. And there were two areas of research really that I thought were worth mentioning in a tiny bit more detail which illustrates some of the relationships and how successful they were between uh neurosurgery uh and neurology. So, one of my own areas of interest is cerebrovascular litis, uh cns vasculitis. And in particular, the question of diagnosis, which previously has always relied on angiography, cerebral angiography, contrast angiography, despite the fact that it is very clearly shown and recognize that it has a very poor sensitivity and specificity. Uh with the result that a large majority, a substantial majority of all the literature that you will see on cerebrovascular itis. There's no tissue proof of the diagnosis and you are undoubtedly reading in fact, often about other disorders. And we took the view that a tissue proof was absolutely vital and working with the neurosurgeons uh ultimately presented diagnostic criteria which are increasingly accepted, which depend on uh biopsy for the diagnosis. And that opportunity to uh confirm the diagnosis uh was has been crucial in I think in that development of the disease and also illustrates that this is not just a bypass, are tight relationship with neurologists and neurosurgeons. But neuropathology and in my case, in particular, Seth love a vital part of this collaborative and cooperative research. We did a number of other work and of course, neuroradiology, of course, another vital component looking at different disorders all with tissue proof and showing the role that cerebrovascular itis might have more than that because of the tissue proof. And because of the neuropathology input, we are able to define various types of and various different subcategories of uh cerebral vasculitis, perhaps particularly in, again, working with Seth love, but depends on biopsy, material and cooperation and involvement of the neurosurgical team. The relationship between amyloid and cerebral vasculitis defining effectively a new disease of amyloid related uh Angie Itis and it's different forms more than that at, at a kind of meta level. Uh Katie, in particular uh here and Claire Rice who is working with me at the time as a research registrar, we're looking at the process of this and trying to say, well, actually, this doesn't just relate to cerebral vasculitis. This is the process of, of looking at tissue in general. How can we show its value? How can we should we not be doing more to look at the risks as well as trying to measure very high thing to do, measure the benefits? And Richard was involved in this and I was involved in this. But I think both of us took the view that the best thing was to stand back and locating Claire, get on with it. And they did with some important papers on the risks but also the value of brain biopsy in under diagnosed disease. Also looking at the risks of brain stem biopsy and then actually going on and looking at spinal cord biopsy as well. So that's one area of research where that relationship was crucial. And another is another love uh in a sense of of repair in the brain regeneration, neural regeneration. And if you like taking on uh halls challenge from well over a century ago now, he showed that actually the beginnings of repair in brain disease were apparent there wasn't an absolute barrier to repair. But as he said, it's for the sciences, the future to change this decree to convert those small beginnings of repair into functional and useful repair. And what better way to do this than to look at the brains repair cells, the bodies repair cells, adult resident stem cells. But if you're going to look at adult neural stem cells, you've got to look at human brain. Uh The neurosurgical team, the epilepsy neurosurgical team in the particular were terrifically interested in that this and terrifically supportive and Chris half Bernie uh working in the labs was able to obtain with uh their help samples of human tissue to study endogenous neural stem cells to look at their properties, to look at their behavior, to look at their interaction also with other cell types and in particular circulating uh stem stem cells derived ultimately from the bone marrow. Uh and this fed and uh blossomed really thanks to Chris work and thanks to the neurosurgical collaboration uh into a whole new area of research. A lot of that laboratory work, particularly in the second half of the time uh was carried out in the Burden Center. Uh But he was already mentioned the I CRF Labs, whole cell culture facility uh which would not have been there, but for Hugh Coke, um uh and which he very generously made available to us when I started in 1999. And I only need to apologize to hear. That's the only photograph I could find of you who, which is rather telling, photographed. Nonetheless, I've also concentrated very much, I'm afraid on, on my own area of uh my own uh research that I've been involved in. Uh and of course, thinking about neural repair, uh and thinking about innovation and thinking about collaboration between neurologists and neurosurgeons had all started before I arrived with Steve working with Peter Hayward and then subsequently with Alan won't. And they're very remarkable and innovative work on growth factor treatment student if infusion in Parkinson's disease. And the point has already been made that this was done in what others might regard as the most kind of un propitious uh of circumstances. Uh French, a hospital might not look like a world nearing leading neuroscience center, but it very much was uh and it worked and we had ambitions to to build further. Uh these are the principal units as were separate units within the site. But we also had ambitions. Steve had developed plans, funded plans for a functional neurosurgery center with a pet scan. Er We had ambitions and funding to convert uh old stable block building by the main house into a new uh MS Center. Uh but those are illustrations that uh not everything that you plan and hope for come off. You have problems along the way. And part of the reason for that was uh the closure of French a hospital and for many of us that was sad and was a very difficult time and a lot of history uh was disappearing. We're just running into uh problems with changing the slide. It worked really well, so far tired there, we are just going to, there we are. Oh yeah, but that was French the hospital and actually it was really quite hard to be despondent. Uh And sad when you looked at the scale and the ambition uh of the new South need hospital. And I would have to say the beauty of that building and of that facility as well. It is a very remarkable facility, but not just that uh the commitment of both the university uh and the NHS North Bristol Trust. And I'd have to just take the opportunity to say that an awful lot of what I've talked about couldn't have happened without the managerial support. And it's lovely to see Diane uh here as well. Uh The University and the North Bristol Trust investing and building new laboratories at the end of the learning and research, building a whole uh extension of that building to accommodate neuroscience uh laboratories and then going on to support our own efforts. Uh with, again, with Alan Woan in and Steve in the Parkinson's Disease Unit. And uh there's cool Tan Seth Lovin dementia and then our own uh s efforts to build a patient neuroscience center, the brain center at uh South Meat Hospital, literally across the road from the laboratories allowing the continuation of that very productive translational uh program of work. And again, another sign of the commitment of the trust, North Crystal Trust and the university, the Brain Center being opened by uh then Vice Chancellor of the University, jointly with the then chief executive of North Bristol. So that's a whistle stop tour through through principally my own experience of working alongside neurosurgeons. Uh It is a very remarkable history. Uh And these are some but not all uh of the neurosurgeons that has been my very great pleasure to, to, to work with, but also to know uh and to have fun with and a small extent also to play cricket with. But that is another story uh and a huge and very powerful and very exciting uh future uh ahead. What about the terrible profession? I don't know if anybody does recognize that quotation, but it's essentially from Wilder Penfield who perhaps would be the apotheosis of the scientist neurosurgeon. Uh and also did a lot of cell culture work uh and worked, worked with, with Dorothy Russell who we heard about earlier on. So, thank you very much. For the invitation, uh, and good luck for the next 75 years. Uh, uh.