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And so the next to speak is me, is you Mick Powell got their first. All right time to speak. I thought Katie was X registrar. Yes. And a very prominent member of the community. I thought you were going to say Bon vivant. Uh But I remember the, the ravioli. Yes. Yes, absolutely. Cook of the Year Observer 1983. Yes. I thought also that Katie might have mentioned that we applied for English Heritage Blue plaque for Diana Beck and I received word a few days ago that is coming up um somewhere in Wigmore Street in west end London next year. So all those women neurosurgeons would like to come along. Please do because I think she was the first. And uh the, what Katie didn't mention was that when she went to Oxford, she was given to Dorothea Russell, the neuropathologist, but Russell was impressed enough that persuaded um Cairns to take her on properly train her. So she was actually doing flaps and neurosurgical procedures probably from 39 and 40. But that's it. Anyway, I am going to talk about, I got to go this way. Haven't I, I'm going to talk about Hugh Griffith, who I think is one of the most incredible men in British neurosurgery. Um He and I'm going to talk specifically or mainly about brain endoscopy, but I want to establish in your mind that he is in the tram Verrett of the greatest British neurosurgeons of the latter part of the 20th century. Um But first huge thanks because when I came to French A as a on an sho rotation. Third part, I thought I was going to be an orthopod. And I've been told by my many predecessors that, uh who was littered around the Bristol campus that I wouldn't enjoy it, but they were completely wrong. It was the most fantastic experience. And at the end of the six months, I asked Mike here, I said, look, I didn't expect to like it so much. But what the future of, uh, of what do the careers like he said, well, if you get your fellowship in the spring, you can take Gordon's job, Gordon being the registrar. And that's how I became a neurosurgeon. And I had the most fantastic three years. It was such a happy time for me because French a unlike Queen Square, I ended up was so familial and friendly and absolutely wacky at the same time. And I threw myself into French life. I became Mess Presidente a job. I couldn't get rid of where my main role was to fill the barrels of beer and run parties. And that's Terry hope they're on the tongs and my parts. And Jane Curley, who was in the book and I also wrote, performed and organized three successive Christmas shows in the little theatre on the back. And there you can see me as a 30 year old. And I have to say, I'm not sure why I'm cross dressing, but I did have fantastic legs then. Um, anyway, what, what attracted me was too because juniors are trained by the senior residents and it was Clarence Wattret. I'm fantastic to be here. It's so wonderful. And that cast of wacky characters who were in theaters, people like Cyril Gatehouse who had, who was a register, who was a sergeant in the mobile neurosurgical unit in Italy and had turned flaps uh for exhausted second lieutenants such as Camel Connolly, whose job part of his job I got at the end and Betty Brownell and of course, radiographers like Chris Barkley, who became the second Mrs Griffith and then it was the world one when time of consultants with Alan Hume just doing a few weeks and I think he only did one operation. We removed the clot afterwards. Um And because Hugh here had to finish his residency at the Maudsley, um, they got a wonderfully uh laid back sweet called Urine Edna who's main job was to make a punch at Christmas, which made us all completely drunk. Anyway, enough of that, I'm going to talk about Hugh Griffith Hugh was a true Welshman uh born in South Wales but came as a young boy to London because his dad was an important function in the headmaster's union. I think he was actually the chairman of the Presidente. And his mom was a formidable woman who was a hospital administrator at the royal postgraduate medical school and sister of Nye Bevan, the founder of the NHS, hence the Bevan in Hugh, Bevan Griffith. He was a scholar at Saint Paul's school then in Hammersmith, which was a forcing house then as now for Oxford and Cambridge and then got an open scholarship to be a little where he was athlete as well. He'd actually been a junior hurdler for Middlesex, but he hated Roger Banister when he got up to Oxford. Not an uncommon thing to happen, I can tell you. Um and it was a rugby half blue, did his national service at a springboard for Neuroscience Career Weekly, which was Hugh Cairns is neurosurgical research unit. And then he did training at Oxford with Pennybacker and a chap called Johnson in Manchester, who's one of his sons was recently professor in Leeds of neurology and the other son was a large orthopedic spinal surgeon in London. He was, as you've heard a wonderfully supportive man, but he was also for me, the most charismatic neurosurgeon I ever worked for or with um he was always very even tempered. I never saw him lose his, his, his wig about anything. Uh And he was restlessly energetic. So you never quite knew he was, but it often wasn't French. But that's by the way, he was also endlessly innovative. But the problem was he had a very short attention span. So he would have thought he could think of great things, but then drop them as we will talk about. Um And that could be a bit frustrating anyway, the reason why if you compare him to, they're the other two acknowledged greats of the 20th, late 20th. 1 of course, still alive. Graham Teasdale, creator of the Glasgow Coma School with Jeanette consummate medical politician, sub dean presidente of college and a pretty mean surgeon actually not bad at all as a pituitary surgeon. And then my role model Lindsey Simond, the great Scott have spelled his name wrong. I'm a bit embarrassed about that. Created the thresholds with ski me a which justify the use of ventilation and other things in the intensive care, neurosurgical intensive. He was a micro surgical giant and President's of the world. But these two people will be remembered principally for 21 thing or possibly two things each. And then they were massive intellects like you, but they were world travelers and they told people over and over and over again about how clever they were in a nice way. Um Let's see, we can get it to move on. But you look at Hughes creations. Well, he was one of the three founders of the Surgical not Neurology Fellowship with Gillingham and Hitchcock. Although Gillingham passed it on to Douglass Miller, the late Douglas Miller, we've known about the British Journal neurosurgery. Why not mention image transfer, which we all use? Well, I don't any longer. He was up at the front of that with in transit, you know, the BT system, it didn't work particularly well. I'm told um he had a, he put a lot of money into a CT scan er British made with the tilting gantry. And we've heard about he published the direct trans nasal root, which would actually originally used by Oscar Hirsch in Vienna in 1910. And Oscar Hirsch being Jewish was brought to Boston by a Cushing. Um Hugh invented multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for Pituitary's and for spina bifida kids. What a wonderful idea. These are patient's, we're going to do lots of by not have all three specialists together at the same time. And that's been adopted broadly around the UK. I think it was a wonderful idea. I did some work on his interactive blood flow measurement using xenon, which we had difficulty publishing and he also did interruptive angiography and also he was an earlier champion for microdiscectomy. But what I want to tell you about is his endoscopy and what an invention. Um I've got it there. Uh Let's see if I can. Why is it there and not there? Right. It's a bit. So it's mainstream now. But when he first wrote about in 57 in uh 75 it was really controversial, but actually, surgeons been poking scopes into body cavities, right from the invention of the incandescent light bulb by Edison in the late 19th century. But they were bedeviled by light source problems because the bulb heated things up and they were bedeviled by lens problems which were both solved by a genius called Harold Hopkins, who's professor optics uh in reading university and he solved the problem of the light source with fiber optics. He also used it for the fiber optic endoscope, but that was too fat for using in the brain. But he'd also resolved it with his solid lens system, which he patented in 59 but was taken up only in 1969 by Karl Storz. He couldn't Hopkins, couldn't get English glass manufacturers interested. Um And it quickly became adapted into urology. Um And Hugh Griffith must have picked it up, I would guess in about 73. Um um but because he published in this obscure journal Child's Brain and it was just a technical note and then again in 77 and he was using it on an idea that was around been around since Walter Dandy. And before that um of coagulating the choroid plexus to stop CSF production or reduce it. So, and in the 77 paper, which is an even more obscure journal called the proceedings of the Royal Society of London brackets be uh, that he controlled head growth anyway. The, uh, I, I think he'd pretty well given up doing it. Right. I'm, I became a registrar and then in 1981 he operated on the Michael Powell. So I had to assist and he was did endoscopy on a college cyst and drained it, but he and coagulated, but then he did a craniotomy and removed the cyst. Um, and Mike here did one shortly after that and then Hugh did one and I was absolutely intrigued and wrote it up in neurosurgery, which is a much more accessible journal. Um So uh try that again. Uh There we go. And this is my most quoted first author paper. I've got so many citations from it because it's apart from those other two that you wrote it up in and basically it says how you do it. And amazingly, I didn't put Hugh Griffiths name on the paper. Mike was the second author. Why was that? Mhm. Yes. Yes. There you are. I 40 years later the answer. Yes. Yes. Anyway, the technology was pretty primitive. If I can get it to change, go back there. And uh it was a pediatric cystoscope, not an arthroscope. As I've written the, I was put to the lens and they had all the other little bits that could be used and there were nine cases and they all survived and except one died of A P A bit later. Hey, these things happen. And so Hugh Griffith was the first you'd use the definitive Hopkins scope. He actually wrote it up and it even more difficult to find journal called Advances and Technical Standards. In 1986 3 years after my paper, there's not a single copy in a medical library in the UK. And Rasheed Duma sent me the copy and it actually bought, he talks about his 70 cases with 30% control of head size. And he says that using the endoscope for college, this probably is a bad idea. He anticipated the use of the lens he of the television camera attached to the lens. He anticipated the angle tips and he also anticipated the use of his ventricular scope for making third ventriculostomy XYZ the best way to treat hydrocephalus. Thank you very much indeed for listening. Thank you very much indeed. Um Just in the interest of time, I think we'll have to press on with the program. Do you want me? I can very quickly do. Rashid's just a couple of interesting if there are a couple of things. Yeah. Okay. But I will drop out as soon because I don't understand all of it. If there are a couple things, Rasheed Juma can't be here today. Um And he asked me because we were friends from training and he asked me to give his talk. So um so from Bombay to Bristol, the legacy of the Neurosurgeons Journal journey. Um Rashid's dad, Omar Juma um was designated, it was a Bombay trained surgeon and was nominated to become the first surgeon from the Indian subcontinent to do to train in neurosurgery and was sent in 1947 to Oxford probably because his sponsor, there was a military uh medical uh general. And of course, Cairns was uh was a high official in the British Army for British neurosurgical uh services in the army and set up the mobile neurosurgical units and he arrived via uh East Africa. So that's Rashid's mum on the left. That's Rashid's dad on the right holding. Rashid's older brother, uh when he got to Oxford, um he was almost immediately sent to Bristol to work with Diana Bec uh in 1947 which would have been at the burden and stayed and he got on extremely well with Diana Beck. Particularly interesting. His wife and Diana uh swapped how you did Saris and made dresses and stuff like that, which is something as Katie mentioned. And then, um uh, of course, sure, of course, is, um, Rashid put this, I don't think his father could have ever worked. Friendship would have all been at the burden here. But when Diana Beck went off to the Middlesex, which I was, she was the first proper neurosurgeon at the Middlesex. I was the last, um, uh I took over an awful man called John Andrews, but we would perhaps pass on from that um he went back to um he went back to Oxford but he uh and finished his training there. And while he was in Oxford, Omar Juma discovered that partition had happened, which apparently nobody expected and was warned as a Muslim not to go back to Bombay but to go to Karachi. So and became the first Pakistani neurosurgeon rather than the first Indian neurosurgeon. Anyway, Rashid was very keen to mention uh the burden and I think it's his first photograph was shown of it. Uh why it's in the snow? I don't know it was still around when I was a registrar. Uh Rashid was uh took my job when I went to work in research with Hugh Coke. Um uh There we are and there's Rashid enjoying a beer with I think his name Slater. He was one of the sh shows in the book. Um hmm There you go. Um I don't know what happened to him. Um Rashid was very keen to, to talk about uh this uh this chap Gahler who had worked with Horsley and Gordon Homes before coming to via the Maudsley to set up the unit here. And he was also keen to talk briefly about this chat. Uh Will will way who Katie mentioned, who was probably the founder of Bristol neurosurgery as a registrar. But he was also working in the West End Neurosurgical Neurological Hospital in Cavan Gee Square in London, which is famous for John Lewis now, um and he did the biggest number of prefrontal economies is um using that technique. They're even more than uh Wily mckissick. I think that he was keen that I should mention Gray Water as a brilliant mind who went to study um in Germany, the inventor of EEG. And uh he's very keen to mention how really the burden was at the start of EEG, probably proper modern EEG for the world, not just for the UK. And I think I'll probably drop, drop it at that if that's okay and leave the field to others. Thanks very much. Yes, thank, thank you very much. Make for just uh picking up that extra little bit of history. Um.