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ENDOCRINOLOGY 1. What type of epithelium is present in thyroid follicles. a) Squamous b) Cuboidal c) Columnar – actively secreting d) Transitional 2. What is the blood supply to the parathyroid glands. a) Superior thyroid artery b) Middle thyroid artery c) Inferior thyroid artery – supplies posterior aspect of thyroid artery d) Parathyroid artery e) External carotid artery 3. Identify the correct order for the soft tissue layers surrounding the adrenal gland from external to internal. a) Paranephric fat —> gerota’s fascia —> perinephric fat —> fibrous capsule b) Gerota’s fascia —> paranephric fat —> perinephric fat —> fibrous capsule c) fibrous capsule —> Gerota’s fascia —> perinephric fat —> paranephric fat d) fibrous capsule —> perinephric fat —> Gerota’s fascia —> paranephric fat 4. Which of the following structures does NOT lie in the retroperitoneal space. a) Kidneys b) Tail of pancreas c) Aorta d) Ascending colon e) Oesophagus 5. Thyroid hormones belong to which class of hormone. a) Steroids b) Proteins c) Polypeptides d) Amino acid derivatives 6. A 40 year old man was diagnosed with a pituitary adenoma after going for an MRI scan. He also reports vision loss. What is the most likely pattern of vision loss that he is experiencing? a) Homonymous hemianopia b) Inferior homonymous quadrantanopia c) Central scotoma d) Bitemporal hemianopia e) Total vision loss7. Above shows a cross-section of the uterus during the proliferative phase. What is the blue arrow pointing to? a) Lamina propia b) Stratum basalis c) Stratum functionalis d) Stratum corneum e) Stratum fucidum 8. Which of the following is a function of aldosterone? a) Directly increases the production of Angiotensin II b) Promotes sodium ion reabsorption c) Acts as a diuretic d) A decrease in potassium increases aldosterone e) Hypernatremia is commonly seen in patients with Addison’s disease 9. Regarding the blood supply of the adrenal glands, where does the superior adrenal artery originate from? a) inferior phrenic artery b) Renal arteries c) Abdominal aorta d) Right gastric-epiploic artery e) Adrenalo-renal artery 10. Which ligament carries theovarian artery and vein? a) Broad ligament b) Round ligament c) Oval ligament d) Ovarian ligament e) Suspensory ligament 11.What structure is located at the anterior wall of the inguinal canal? a) inguinal ligament b) Lacunar ligament c) Aponeurosis of internal oblique d) Internal oblique muscle e) Conjoint tendon 12.What is the most common enzyme defect in congenital adrenal hyperplasia? a) 21- hydroxylase b) 11β-hydroxylase c) Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) d) 17α- hydroxylase e) 3β-hydroxylase 13. What is the consequence ofdecreased functioning of Leydig Cells? a) Infertility b) Testicular Cancer c) Hypospadias d) 5-alpha reductase deficiency e) Kallmann’s Syndrome 14.What type of cells are there in the epididymis? a) Pseudostratified columnar b) Transitional c) Pseudostratified squamous d) Stratified squamous e) Non-keratinized squamous 15.Which of the following does the prostate gland secrete? a) Alkaline viscous fluid b) Fructose c) Prostaglandins d) Citrate e) Glucose-1-phosphate UPPER GI 1. What type of epithelium lines theoesophagus? A – simple columnar B – Stratified squamous keratinised C – stratified squamous non keratinised D – Simple squamousStomach Blood Supply A – left gastric artery B – right gastric artery C – short gastric arteries D – splenic artery E – Gastrodudenal artery F – Left gastroepiploic artery G – right gastroepiploic artery 2. Layers of StomachA – mucosa B – submucosa C – muscularis D – serosa E – Longitudinal layer of muscle F – circular layer of muscle G – oblique layer of muscle H – muscularis mucosae I – gastric gland J – gastric pits 3. At what level does the oesophagus cross the diaphragm? a) T11 b) T10 c) L1 d) T9 e) 4. Where is vitamin B12 absorbed? a) antrum of stomach b) proximal duodenum c) distal duodenum d) terminal ileum 5. Which of the following is retroperitoneal? a) stomach b) Duodenum c) Jejunum d) Ileum LOWER GI 1. What artery allows collateral blood supply around the colon? a) Marginal Artery b) Left Colic Artery c) Right Colic Artery d) Middle Colic Artery 2. What is the name of the inferior mesenteric artery as it crosses the pelvic brim? a) internal iliac artery b) superior rectal artery c) inferior rectal artery d) pudendal artery A – Rectum B – Anal valve C – External Anal Sphincter D – Anal aperture E – Pectinate (Dentate) line F – Internal Anal Sphincter G – Levator ani 3. At which level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta? a) T12 b) L1 c) L2 d) L3 4. What is the epithelia proximal to the pectinate line? a) Non keratinising squamous epithelia b) Keratinised squamous epithelia c) Simple columnar epithelia d) simple cuboidal epithelia ACCESSORY GI 1. The liver receives blood and nutrients from the GItract through which vessel? a) Hepatic artery b) Hepatic vein c) Hepatic portal artery d) Hepatic portal vein 2. Which ligamentum teres is a physiological remnant of which embryological feature? a) Urachus b) Ductus arteriosus c) Umbilical vein d) Foramen ovale 3. The surface marking of the fundus of the gallbladder can be identified using which anatomical landmarks? a) Where the right lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle meets the right costal margin b) Midpoint between the pubic symphysis and the right anterior superior iliac spine c) 8 intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line on the right side d) 2cm lateral to the umbilicus 4. The pancreas lies at which level? a) Transpyloric plane b) Intertubercular plane c) Mid-clavicular line d) Linea alba 5. The pancreas is connected to the spleen via which structure? a) Major pancreaticoduodenal ampulla b) Lienorenal ligament c) Transverse mesocolon d) Uncinate process 6. Exocrine cells in the pancreas are arranged in clusters known as what? a) Islets of Langerhans b) Follicles c) Acini d) Crypts 7. The splenic artery, which supplies the spleen, also supplies which abdominal organ? a) Duodenum b) Pancreas c) Mesentery d) Pylorus 8. Which structure lies inferior to the spleen? a) Left colic flexure b) Stomach c) Left kidney d) Diaphragm 9. In which anatomical direction does the spleen enlarge? a) Towards the right lower quadrant b) Towards the left lower quadrant c) Towards the right upper quadrant d) All of the above Male Reproductive Anatomy MCQs 1. Secretions from which structure are responsible for lubricating the penis prior to ejaculation? a) Bulbourethral glands b) Prostate gland c) Seminal vesicles d) Testes e) Vas deferens 2. The correct order of the layers of the scrotum is: a) Skin, cremasteric muscle, external spermatic fascia, dartos muscle, internal spermatic fascia, testes b) Skin, dartos muscle, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle, internal spermatic fascia, testes c) Skin, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle, dartos muscle, internal spermatic fascia, testes d) Skin, external spermatic fascia, dartos muscle, cremasteric muscle, internal spermatic fascia, testes e) Skin, external spermatic fascia, dartos muscle, internal spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle, testes 3. The seminal vesicles are lined by the following type of epithelium: a) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium b) Simple cuboidal epithelium c) Simple squamous epithelium d) Stratified columnar epithelium e) Stratified cuboidal epithelium 4. Which of the following sets of structures arenot contained within the spermatic cord? a) Artery of the ductus deferens, sympathetic nerve fibres, ductus deferens b) Cremasteric nerve, ductus deferens, genital branch of the femoral nerve c) Genital branch of the femoral nerve, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus d) Lymphatics, cremasteric artery, sympathetic nerve fibres e) Sympathetic nerve fibres, testicular vein, cremasteric artery 5. Starting in the seminiferous tubules, what is the correct order of structures through which spermatids pass to reach the epididymis? a) Seminiferous tubules, efferent ductules, rete testis, straight t bules b) Seminiferous tubules, efferent ductules, straight tubules, rete testis c) Seminiferous tubules, rete testis, straight tubules, efferent ductules d) Seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, efferent ductules, rete testis e) Seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis, efferent ductules RENAL ANATOMY MCQs 1. Which type of cell is responsible for renin secretion? a) Intercalated cells b) Juxtaglomerular cells c) Mesangial cells d) Principal cells 2. What is the correct order of tissues surrounding the kidneyfrom superficial to deep? a) Renal capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia b) Renal capsule, renal fascia, perinephric fat c) Perinephric fat, renal fascia, renal capsule d) Renal fascia, perinephric fat, renal capsule 3. The tip of the renal pyramid that projects towards the renal sinus is a) Renal capsule b) Renal column c) Renal papilla d) Renal pelvis 4. Which of the following statements is correct? a) The right renal artery normally passes posteriorly to the inferior vena cava to enter the right kidney b) The right renal artery normally passes anteriorly to the inferior vena cava to enter the right kidney c) The left renal vein passes normally posteriorly to the abdominal aorta to drain into the inferior vena cava d) The right renal vein normally passes posteriorly to the abdominal aorta todrain into the inferior vena cava 5. What is the parasympathetic supply to the bladder? a) Inferior mesenteric plexus b) Pelvic splanchnic nerve c) Vagus nerve d) Hypogastric nerve 6. Which of the following best describes cortical nephrons? a) Blood supply from the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta. b) Ascending limb consists of a thin and thick portion. c) Renal corpuscles lie close to the medulla. d) Represents the majority of nephrons in the kidney. 7. Which gland that is found on the superior pole of the kidney? a) Adrenal b) Thyroid c) Thymus d) Pineal 8. Podocytes can be found lining the epithelium of which structure? a) Glomerular capillaries b) Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule c) Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule d) Distal convoluted tubule Embryology MBChB2 MCQs 1. Derivatives of the ectoderm include a) Notochord and skeletal system b) Epithelial lining of digestive tract and reproductive system c) Epidermis and dermis of skin d) Epidermis and epithelial lining of the mouth e) The adrenal cortex 2. The notochord is produced from _______ and has an inductive relationship with the overlying _______ a) Endoderm, ectoderm b) Mesoderm, ectoderm c) Mesoderm, endoderm d) Ectoderm, mesoderm e) Ectoderm, mesoderm 3. The vagina is composed of which type of epithelium? a) Pseudostratified keratinised epithelium b) Simple cuboidal epithelium c) Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium d) Transitional epithelium e) Simple columnar epithelium 4. The zona pellucida is… a) The fluid filled cavity within the granulosa cells b) The layer of stromal cells that secrete androgens c) Cuboidal cells surrounding the oocyte, secreting oestrogens d) Non-secretory stromal cell layer e) The glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte5. The development of the kidney occurs in which order and in which anatomical regions? a) Mesonephros (pelvic region) à pronephros (cervical region) à metanephros (abdominal region) b) Pronephros (pelvic region) à mesonephros (abdominal region) à metanephros (cervical region) c) Metanephros (cervical region) à mesonephros (abdominal region) à pronephros (pelvic region) d) Pronephros (cervical region) à mesonephros (abdominal region) à metanephros (pelvic region) e) Mesonephros (cervical region) à metanephros (abdominal region)à pronephros (pelvic region) 6. The definitive kidney is formed by week ____but becomes functional by week _____ a) Week 5, week 11 b) Week 5, week 6 c) Week 7, week 15 d) Week 3, week 16 e) Week 8, week 10 7. Which hormone causes regression of the paramesonephric ducts in males ? a) FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) b) LH (luteinising hormone) c) Testosterone d) AMH (anti-müllerian hormone) e) Oestrogen 8. The ovary determining gene is _____, whilst the testis determining factor is _____. a) Insulin, Wnt4 b) Wnt4, SRY (Sex determining region of Y chromosome) c) FSH, SRY (Sex determining region of Y chromosome) d) SRY (Sex determining region of Y chromosome), testosterone e) Wnt4, insulin