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The lower arm consists of 2 bones, the radius and the Ulna. Ignore the humerus and the hand in this picture lol, The radius is the bone that’s lateral, so it’s on the same side as your thumb. And your ulna is always medial. The way i remember where each one is that the ulna is closer. Idk if that helps. Now let’s zoom in to each book and go over the specific bony land marks that you need to know.HANA’S TIP : MAKE SURE YOU KNOW THESE, IN YOUR CCA YOU CAN BE ASKED TO POINT OUT THE BONES WHICH ARE PART OF THE ELBOW JOINT SO YOUR EXPECTED TO SAY THESE. Olecranon – a large projection of bone that extends proximally, forming part of trochlear notch. It can be palpated as the ‘tip’ of the elbow. The triceps brachii muscle attaches to its superior surface. Coronoid process – this ridge of bone projects outwards anteriorly, forming part of the trochlear notch. Trochlear notch – formed by the olecranon and coronoid process. It is wrench shaped, and articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. Radial notch – located on the lateral surface of the trochlear notch, this area articulates with the head of the radius. Tuberosity of ulna – a roughening immediately distal to the coronoid process. It is where the brachialis muscle attaches. Image taken from Teach Me AnatomyIn regards to the shaft of the ulna, you don’t need to worry about this, they don’t question you on it in your exam or CCA, and the only thing they’d ask if they do is : what is the distal attachment site opronator quadratus muscle, and you’d say it’s the anterior shaft of the ulna. They would be really evil if they did do this xThese are things which are nice to know but not needed, personally I did not learn the 4 different articulations and they never came up in the exam or CCA. The main thing to take from this is that the radius pivots.You’d mainly be asked to point these out in CCA. Proximal Landmarks : Head , Neck and the Radial Tuberosity. The Radial Tuberosity is where the biceps brachii muscle attaches. Shaft : Middle part is where the pronator teres muscles attaches Distal : Distal radius articulates with 2 of the wrist carpal bones - the scaphoid and the lunate. The radius also has a styloid process, which is very obvious and it will always be on the lateral side of the radius. The medial aspect of the radius, articulates with the ulna notch to form the distal radioulnar joint. Pictures were generously donated by Teach Me AnatomyYou’ll never be asked to point a deep muscle in the CCA, but you could be asked about it in your exam. I spent weeks learning this and only 1 or 2 questions came up - thanks niggy.Pass Fail Pass Fail is the way to remember these muscles. To remember there position, place your thumb on your medial epicondlye and let the rest of your fingers rest on the forearm. They naturally fall in the position of the 4 muscles, which are : Pronator Teres , Flexi Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexi Carpi Ulnaris.You’ll never be asked this in the CCA. This box is highlighted in red, because they’ll often bring it up in the exam to try to trick you!Red things again are where they are going to try catch you out. My biggest tip is when you go into the anatomy revision session, just revise over this!She looks too pretty try to catch her - most halal mnemonic i could find.You only need to know the Name, Action and innervation of the muscles. Very low yield, would only ever come up in the examFOA - For all anatomists You only need name action and innervationFOAMFor your understanding, know that these originate from the the 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundas and they attach the extensor hood of the four fingers. Unipennate and bipennate are just describing there structure. MCP - metacarpal phalangeal IP - interphalangeal