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THE MALE REPRO SYSTEM By Nermine - I didn’t suck at replying ont time LEARNING OBJECTIVES 01 02 03 M v F Pelvis Male Repro Organs Pelvic Floor/Perineum Distinguish between a male and List and identify the organs of thPelvic Floor + Perinium in males female pelvis mdescribe their gross anatomy 04 05 06 Sperms’ Journey Histology Glands Describe the route taken by spDescribe the micrscopic anatomy of Identify on an anatomical through the male reproductive tthe testies, vas deferent, protrtaemodel/specimen the glands and penis tissues that secrete hormonesTHE PARTS There’s a few organs or parts we’ve got to know that make up the male reproductive system, I say a few but its all of them essentially: 0 SCROTUM - Testies + Epididymus 0 SPERMATIC CHORD - Vas deferens 0 PROSTRATE 0 PENIS - urethra 0 GLANDS - seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glandsOVERVIEWSCROTUM REMEMBER.. DARTOS MUSCLE 01 testes by wrinkling the skin.ulates temperature of the SPLIT INTO TWO BY MIDLINE SEPTUM Meaning there’s only ONE scrotum, just split in two - 02 don’t ask a patient if there other scrotum is fine like I did CONTAINS... 03 chordes, Epididymis and lower end of the spermaticTESTIS + EPIDIDYMUS SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES RETE TESTIS (VIA STRAIGHT TUBULES) EFFERENT DUCTULES EPIDIDYMUS REMEMBER.. PATH OF SPERM OUT OF TESTES 01 Sertoli cells and - supports developing sperm and 02 Intersticial cells - release testosterone BE ABLE TO LABEL THE TESTIES INCLUDING layers e.g. the tunica vaginalis and tunica 03 albuginea (forms the septa)PELVIC ARTERIAL SUPPLY VASCULATURE OF TESTES/EPIDIDYMIS VENOUS ARTERIAL Abdominal AortaINNERVATION - TESTES AND EPIDIDYMIS Via Testicular plexus Parasympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve Sympathetic innervation from T7 segment of spinal cord. QUESTIONS 01 WHERE DO THE LEFT AND RIGHT TESTES DRAIN INTO? Right testicular vein then into the inferior vena cava WHERE DO THE TESTICULAR ARTERIES ORIGINATE FROM? 02 ABDOMINAL AORTA and they then pass through the get to the testesd through the spermatic chord to WHERE DOES THE AA BIFURCATE? & INTO WHAT? 03 and common illiac artery (which gives rise to theac artery external illiac) WHAT ARTERIES SUPPLY THE RECTUM? • Superior rectal artery – terminal continuation of the inferior 04 mesenteric artery. • Inferior rectal artery – branch of the internal pudendal artery.30 SEC BREATHER GET UP - SHAKE YOUR LEGS AND ARMS ABOUTSPERMATIC CHORD CONTENTS - Rule of 3 3 Arteries 3 Nerves Testicular Artery Genital branch of Deferential Artery the genitofemoral nerve, (artery of ductus deferens) Cremasteric nerve*, Cremasteric Artery Sympathetic nerve fibres 3 Fascias 3 Other Ductus/Vas deferens, Cremasteric fascia,fascia, Pampiniform plexus, Internal spermatic fascia Lymphatic vesselsVAS DEFERENS - PATH Thick muscular tube that takes sperm from the epididymis to the ampulla and eventually to the ejaculatory duct. EPIDIDYMIS AMPULLA EJACULATORY DUCT FORMED BY CONVERGENCE OF VAS DEFERENS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLE DUCT. PROSTATIC URETHRAANATOMICAL PATH Pay Attention NOW - Cause this is how you’ll find it • It is continuous with the tail of the epididymis. • Travels through the inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord. • Moves down the lateral pelvic wall close to the ischial spine. • Turns medially to pass between the bladder and the urethra and then travels downwards on the posterior surface to the bladder. • The inferior narrow part of the ampulla joins the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.PENIS- STRUCTURE NEURVASCULATURE OF PENIS VENOUS ARTERIAL THE DEEP DORSAL VEIN 1. DORSAL ARTERY 2. Deep artery The superficial dorsal vein 3. Bulbourethral artery These are all branches of the internal pudendal artery. INNERVATION S2 - S4 NERVE ROOTS SYMPATHETIC + SENSORY • BRANCH OF PUDENDAL NERVE PARASYMPATHETIC - • PERI-PROSTATIC NERVE PLEXUSPENIS- URETHRA SEMINAL VESCICLE + BULBOURETHRAL GLAND Anatomical Position: Between the bladder fundus and the rectum and have a lobulated structure with a mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Anatomical Position: Deep perineal pouch + posterolateral to the membranous Highly influenced by testosterone, growing taller with higher levels, and are responsible for the production of seminal secretions. urethra and superior to the bulb of the penis. between th bladder fu dus and the rectum 1. Alkaline fluid – neutralises the acidity of the male urethra and vagina in order to Mucus secretion containing glycoproteins. This substance has three main purposes: facilitate the survival of spermatozoa. 1. Serves as lubrication medium for the urethra and the tip of the 2. Fructose – provides an energy source for spermatozoa. penis. 3. Prostaglandins – have a role in suppressing the female immune response to 2. Expels any residue of urine, dead cells or mucous through the urethral meatus, preparing a clean and lubricated pathway for foreign semen. ejaculation. 3. Helps to neutralise residual acidity in the male urethra 4. Clotting factors – designed to keep semen in the female reproductive tract post- (secretions are alkaline). ejaculation. PROSTRATE GLAND Anatomical Position: The prostate is positioned inferiorly to the neck of the bladder and superiorly to the external urethral sphincter, with the Function: It secretes proteolytic enzymes into the between the bladder fundus and the rectum to the gland. semen, which act to break down clotting factors in the ejaculate. This allows the semen Lies posteriorly to the ampulla of the to remain in a fluid state, moving throughout rectum – Allows for Digital Rectal the female reproductive tract for potential fertilisation. Examinations (DRE) to examine30 SEC BREATHER YOU KNOW THE DRILL BY NOW GET UP - SHAKE YOUR LEGS AND ARMS ABOUTMUSCLES OF THE PERINIEUM 1.What muscles is the levator ani made up of? Puborectalis Pubococcygeus Iliococcygeus 2.How can we split the perineum? Anal and Urogenital triangles TRIANGLES- MALE PERINIEUM The anal triangle is the posterior half of the perineum. Same in both M + F Boundaries: coccyx, sacrotuberous ligaments, and a The urogenital triangle in males contains theoretical line between the ischial tuberosities. the same muscles as in the female, though their functions differ slightly. The main contents of the anal triangle are: Anal aperture – the opening of the anus. It’s split into a deep perineal pouch and a External anal sphincter muscle – voluntary muscle superficial perineal pouch responsible for opening and closing the anus. Ischioanal fossae (x2) – spaces located laterally to the anus.RANDOM EXTRA POUCHES Male vs Female Pelvis Just have to learn this, sorry guys (forgot this earlier too)Histology – Testis Leydig cells – Produce testosterone Histology – Germinal Epithelium During the spermatogonial phase of spermatogenesis: Type B spermatogonia undergo mitosis to produce primary spermatocytesHistology – Vas Deferens JAZAKALLAH YOU’RE DONE AND FREE - OF REPRO now AT LEAST