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PreClinEazy X Cardiff Medsoc THORAX Sunaina ShahThorax Anatomy Anatomy of the ribs Thorax muscles Lungs and Heart anatomy Pleura and Pericardium Mediastinum A) True rib and typical A 43-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chest pain that hurts more when she B) False rib and typical presses on it. She is diagnosed with costochondritis (inflammation of the ribs). The doctor sees you and C) False rib and atypical decides to question you about the ribs. He asks you, D) True rib and atypical What are the features of the second rib? E) Floating rib and typical A) True rib and typical A 43-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chest pain that hurts more when she B) False rib and typical presses on it. She is diagnosed with costochondritis (inflammation of the ribs). The doctor sees you and C) False rib and atypical decides to question you about the ribs. He asks you, D) True rib and atypical What are the features of the second rib? E) Floating rib and typical Classification Examples Based on their True Ribs 1-7 relationship to False Ribs 8-10 the sternum Floating Ribs 11-12 Based on their Atypical Ribs 1, 2, 10, 11 CLASSIFICATION OF features and 12 RIBS AND PARTS OF Typical Ribs 3-9 Jugular notch STERNUM Manubrium Sternal angle Body of sternum Xiphoid processnumber-typical-atypical-ribs-ossification-and- clinical-value/ A) 4 and 5 ribs There are different types of vertebrae that make up the spine. The ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae and rd th B) 3 and 4 ribs each of them articulate with two ribs at the superior and inferior demi-facets. The neurologist asks you, C) 3 and 5 ribs th Which ribs would articulate with the 4 thoracic D) 5 and 6 ribs vertebrae? A) 4 and 5 ribs There are different types of vertebrae that make up the spine. The ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae and rd th B) 3 and 4 ribs each of them articulate with two ribs at the superior and inferior demi-facets. The neurologist asks you, C) 3 and 5 ribs th Which ribs would articulate with the 4 thoracic D) 5 and 6 ribs vertebrae? VERTEBRAE Facet that articulates with rib head Body Body Cervical vertebra Foramen Pedicle Foramen Pedicle Superior articular facet Transverse process Lamina Transverse process Lamina Facet that Body Superior articular facet rib tuberculeith Spinous process Transverse foramen Spinous process Superior articular facet Lamina Thoracic vertebra Foramen Lumbar vertebra Bifid spinous process A 56-year-old man had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) A Aorta procedure performed a few days ago. The surgeons used an Subclavian artery artery instead of the saphenous vein to perform the graft. B This artery is located and supplies the anterior chest. C Mammary artery What is the origin of this artery? D Thoracodorsal artery Axillary artery E A 56-year-old man had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) A Aorta procedure performed a few days ago. The surgeons used an Subclavian artery artery instead of the saphenous vein to perform the graft. B This artery is located and supplies the anterior chest. C Mammary artery What is the origin of this artery? D Thoracodorsal artery Axillary artery E ANTERIOR CHEST https://teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/muscles/thoracic-cage/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Wr5PBpk8sfo A first-year med student is in the biochem building looking at pro-sections of the thorax. They become disoriented and Left atrium A forget what part of the heart they are looking at. However, they recognize a few features they can see such as pectinate B Left ventricle muscles and are able to see 3 different openings into this chamber. C Right atrium What chamber is the student looking at? D Right ventricle A first-year med student is in the biochem building looking at pro-sections of the thorax. They become disoriented and A Left atrium forget what part of the heart they are looking at. However, they recognize a few features they can see such as pectinate B Left ventricle muscles and are able to see 3 different openings into this chamber. C Right atrium What chamber is the student looking at? D Right ventricle Contents of the right atrium Contents of the ventricles ü Crista terminalis ü Papillary muscles ü Pectinate muscles ü Chordae tendinea ü Sinoatrial node ü Trabeculae carnae ü Opening of superior vena cava ü Opening of inferior vena cava ü Opening of the coronary sinus ü Fossa ovalis ü Right atrial appendage Left lung Right lung Lobes 2 3 Fissures 1 2 Oblique Oblique and horizontal Cardiac notch Yes No Lingula Yes No ANATOMY OF Groove for Groove for vesselsian vesselsian THE LUNGS First rib aortaof First rib Pulmonary artery descending aorta Bronchii impression Groove for Pulmonary vein azygos vein Aorta Pulmon Pulmonary veins Superior vena cava ANATOMY OF Bi Right atrium m THE HEART Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Inferior vena cava S Pulmonary valve Aortic valve CORONARY VESSELS Right coronary Left coronary artery AORTA artery Right marginal Posterior Left anterior Circumflex descending/ descending branch artery interventricular artery Small artery Great cardiac vein cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Left Sinoatrial marginal branch Diagonal branch branch AUSCULTATION SITES OF THE HEART Right 2 intercoastal space sternal edge – Aortic valve Left 2 intercoastal space sternal edge – Pulmonary valve Left 4 intercoastal space sternal edge – Tricuspid valve Left 5 intercoastal space mid- clavicular line – mitral valveA 40-year-old male presents to A&E with a dry cough, A Pneumothorax shortness of breath and a feeling of heaviness in the chest. Pericarditis They are sent for a chest x-ray; the results are shown below. B C Pleural effusion D Pleuritis Lung cancer E What is the most likely diagnosis of this patient ?A 40-year-old male presents to A&E with a dry cough, A Pneumothorax shortness of breath and a feeling of heaviness in the chest. Pericarditis They are sent for a chest x-ray; the results are shown below. B C Pleural effusion D Pleuritis Lung cancer E What is the most likely diagnosis of this patient ? PLEURA Parietal pleura Pleural cavity Visceral pleura Fibrous pericardium Pleural cavity Parietal layer Serous pericardium Visceral layer PERICARDIUM Note: Parietal layer of the pericardium is the layer sensitive to pain and is innervated by phrenic nerveA young man is brought into the emergency department on an ambulance following a road traffic accident. He is A Inferior to the 2 rib extremely short of breath, has an increased respiratory rate, nd is tachycardic, and is complaining of sharp chest pain. The B Superior to the 2 rib consultant on-call recognizes that the patient has a tension rd pneumothorax and decided to do an urgent needle C Superior to the 3 rib decompression at the 2 nd intercoastal space at the mid- clavicular line. st D Inferior to 1 rib You decide to look at the exact location the consultant inserts the needle, and you see that he goes into?A young man is brought into the emergency department on nd an ambulance following a road traffic accident. He is A Inferior to the 2 rib extremely short of breath, has an increased respiratory rate, B Superior to the 2 rib is tachycardic, and is complaining of sharp chest pain. The consultant on-call recognizes that the patient has a tension pneumothorax and decided to do an urgent needle C Superior to the 3 rib decompression at the 2 nd intercoastal space at the mid- clavicular line. D Inferior to 1 rib Consists of the You decide to look at the exact location the consultant inserts intercostal vein, the needle, and you see that he goes into? intercoastal artery and intercostal nerve (superior to inferior) NERVES AND STRUCTURES WITHIN THE SUPERIOR AND POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM Left phrenic Azygos vein nerve Left vagus Thoracic duct Sympathetic nerve Descending trunk Left recurrent thoracic aorta laryngeal nerve OesophagusPLEASE FILL OUT THE FEEDBACK FORM PLEASE TUNE IN TO OUR REMAINING SESSIONS THIS WEEK