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ICSM Surgical Society- Junior Anatomy Series - Thorax and Heart Mock Author: Harroop Singh Bola (HB519@ic.ac.uk) 1). What can cause this pathological condition? Answer: Right phrenic nerve palsy In phrenic nerve palsy, the hemidiaphragm supplied by the affected portion is elevated. 2). Identify the labelled structure Answer: Epiglottis3). Describe the function of the labelled structure Answer: Humidification and warming of inspired air. 4). Answer: Chordae tendineae The labelled structure is the tricuspid valve, contraction of the papillary muscles causes the chordae tendineae to close the valve, and prevent from being inverted into the right atrium. Which structure prevents the labelled valve from being inverted into the right atrium?5). Answer: Internal intercostal muscle Deep to the external intercostal muscles, the direction of the fibres latero-inferiorly. What muscle is indicated by the arrow? 6). Answer: C5 Structure 10 is the oesophagus Structure 10 begins at which vertebral level? 7). What surface landmark is associated with Answer: Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis) structure 3? The arch of the aorta is found at the T4 vertebral level.8). Stiffening of this structure can cause what Answer: Ejection systolic murmur pathological heart sound? Labelled structure is an Aortic valve. Remember that the pulmonary valve lies on top of the aortic valve. Aortic stenosis causes ejection systolic murmur and can be auscultated at the carotid artery. This sound happens between the normal S1 (lub) and S2 (dub) sounds. 9). Label the following structure Answer: Oblique Fissure Separates the superior from the inferior and middle right lung lobes.10). Which specific cardiac chamber does the Answer: Right Ventricle labelled vessel arise from? The mediastinal surface of the right lung is illustrated, as determined by the absence of a cardiac impression, in addition to the presence of three lung lobes - Upper, middle and lower. Pulmonary arteries transport blood out of the right ventricle into pulmonary circulation for oxygenation. 11). Which structure is more prone to inhalation of Answer: Right Main Bronchus a foreign object? The right main bronchus is steeper and wider comparatively to the left main bronchus, therefore is more susceptible to the aspiration of foreign objects. 12). Label the following the structure Answer: Carina A cartilage situated at the point where the trachea divides into the two bronchi. 13). Which structure resides most inferiorly to the Answer: Intercostal Nerve label? Labelled is the costal groove, to which the neurovascular bundle resides (VAN), from superior to inferior: Vein, Artery, Nerve.14). At which vertebral level does the labelled Answer: T8 structure penetrate the diaphragm at? Superior vena cava is labelled. Vena Cava = 8 letters, therefore T8. 15). What is the specific labelled vessel? Answer: Left Common Carotid Artery16). What is the anatomical surface landmark of the Answer: Midclavicular line, left 5th intercostal space. labelled structure? Labelled: Apex of the heart17). Which vessel supplies this structure? Answer: Right coronary artery Labelled: Right atrium 18). Where does the labelled vessel originate from? Answer: Left Aortic Sinus of the ascending aorta Labelled: Left coronary artery19). Which specific cardiac structure does the Answer: Sinoatrial node labelled artery supply? Labelled: Sino-atrial nodal branch of the right coronary artery. 20). What is the origin of the labelled artery? Answer: Right Coronary Artery Labelled: Posterior interventricular artery21). What is the labelled structure? Answer: Coronary Sinus 22). Where do the labelled vessels drain into? Answer: Coronary Sinus Labelled: Middle cardiac veins23). Inflammation of the following structure Answer: Myocarditis manifests as what pathology? Labelled: Myocardium 24). What is the precursor of the labelled structure? Answer: Foramen Ovale Labelled: Fossa Ovalis25). What is the following labelled structure? Answer: Pectinate muscle 26). Which heart sound is auscultated upon the Answer: S2 closure of the labelled valve? Labelled: Pulmonary valve27). What is the specific structure labelled below? Answer: Posterior aortic sinus Non-coronary, there is no coronary artery arising from this sinus. 28). What is the specific structure labelled? Answer: Thoracic ganglia29). Label the following structure Answer: Left Oblique Fissure Coronal CT, IV contrast using lung windows 30). Label the following structure Answer: Ascending Aorta31). Label the following structure Answer: Sternal Angle 32). What lung pathology is demonstrated by the Answer: Right-sided tension pneumothorax chest radiograph?33). Name the following structure Answer: Jugular (Suprasternal) Notch 34). Which rib is shown below? Answer: First rib Presence of scalene tubercle, and subclavian grooves.35). Which category of ribs is shown below? Answer: False ribs Unification of cartilage, and thus do not have a direct articulation with the sternum. 36). Which pericardial layer is shown below? Answer: Fibrous pericardium37). What is the foetal derivation of the following Answer: Ductus arteriosus structure? Labelled: Ligamentum arteriosum 38). The two vessels unite to form what vessel? Answer: Left Brachiocephalic vein Labelled: Subclavian and internal jugular vein 39). Which nerve is labelled below? Answer: Left Vagus Nerve 40). Label the following muscle Answer: External intercostal muscle41). What is the primary function of the labelled Answer: Forced Expiration muscle? Labelled: Internal Intercostal Muscles 42). What is the labelled structure? Answer: Internal Thoracic Artery 43). What is the labelled structure? Answer: Serous pericardium44). What is the specific part of the lung labelled? Answer: Left Apex 45). Name the specific structure of the lung Answer: Lingula of left lung