Teaching slides for session: Ventilation
Summary
Join our on-demand teaching session covering the topic of Ventilation. Aimed at medical professionals, it offers comprehensive revision on the anatomy of the chest and how it contributes to the ventilation process. The session provides in-depth knowledge on the role of thoracic rib cage, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pleura, lungs, and accessory muscles in respiration. Participants can also learn about the movements involved in normal, vigorous, and forced ventilation. Dive into an extensive discussion on the function of various muscles in these movements to ultimately control the volume and pressure inside the lungs. Attend this session to gain a complete understanding of the intricate mechanics of ventilation. Perfect for any healthcare providers looking to refresh their knowledge or those preparing for exams. Come prepared with your questions!
Learning objectives
- Identify and describe the components of the thoracic rib cage and their relationship to respiration.
- Understand and explain the role of the diaphragm in the process of respiration, including its movements during inspiration and expiration.
- Understand and describe the structure and function of the intercostal muscles, including how they contribute to the movements of the ribs during respiration.
- Understand and explain the anatomy of the pleura and its role in facilitating smooth movement of the lungs during respiration.
- Recognize the accessory muscles involved in forced ventilation and explain their function during vigorous or forced exercise.
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VENTILATION Anatomy REVISION I- Chest wall, Breast and Axilla revision Station 3: Ventilation ILOs 1. Explain how the anatomy of the chest contributes to the process of ventilation. 2. Explain the movements involved in normal, vigorous and forced ventilation. 3. Describe the muscles responsible for these movements. 1. Anatomy of chest and ventilation 1. Thoracic rib cage 2. Diaphragm 3. Intercostal muscles 4. Pleura 5. Lungs 6. Accessory muscles1. Thoracic rib cage Ribs, the sternum, and the thoracic vertebrae 2. Diaphragm Protection of lungs and flexibility for inspiration - primary muscle in respiration and expiration - dome-shaped muscle - separates abdominal cavity from thoracic cavity - contracts during inspiration - relaxes during expiration 3. Intercostal muscles - located between the ribs - key role in increasing moving the ribs during respiration and structure. 4. Pleura - The pleura is a double-layered membrane which surrounds the lungs - Space between the two layers is the pleural cavity, contains a small amount of fluid that reduces friction and allows the lungs to move smoothly against the chest wall during breathing. 5. Lungs - gas exchange - alveolar sacs 6. Accessory muscles - important for vigorous or forced exercise - internal intercostal m. and abdominal m.2. Movements involved in ventilationWhat is the principal function of thoracic wall & diaphragm? out.r volume of thorax and therefore change the pressure – move air in andSternum moves upwards and outwards (superiorly and anteriorly).RIBS moves upwards and towards the sides (superiorly and laterally). Do not move anteriorly.And lastly, the muscles…3. Muscles involved 1. THORACIC CAGE 2. MUSCLES DIAPHRAGM Thoracic cage muscles Innervation – intercostal nerves T1-11 1) External intercostal muscles- ‘hands in lateral to medial. pockets’ 2) Internal intercostal muscles- medial to lateral 3) Innermost intercostal muscles Run perpendicula r to External intercostal .Diaphragm Median arcuate Diaphragm – very important for controlling the volume of the lungs and therefore the pressure in the lungs. Innervation – C3, C4 and C5. Right crus Lateral arcuate Left crus Medial arcuate QUIET RESPIRATION Inhalation - active Exhalation - passive • Diaphragm • Diaphragm • External intercostal muscles • External intercostal muscles CONTRAC RELA T X FORCED RESPIRATION Inhalation - active Exhalation - active • Diaphragm • Diaphragm • External intercostal muscles • External intercostal muscles • Internal intercostals • Sternocleidomastoid • External oblique • Scalenes (ant, mid, post) • Internal oblique • Pectoralis minor • Transversus abdominus • Rectus abdominus Abdominal musclesINHALATIO EXHALATIO N N Abdominal m.Thank you! Any Qs?