Computer generated transcript

Warning!
The following transcript was generated automatically from the content and has not been checked or corrected manually.

Anatomy of the stomach and coeliac trunk SteMustafans/Haroon 05/11/24ILOs •Objective 1: Describe the functional anatomy of the stomach, including its position, parts, sphincters, and relations to other abdominal organs. •Objective 2: Describe the origin, course, and major branches of the coeliac trunkOverview of stomach anatomy •Breaks down food via acid and enzymes, turning it into chyme. • Stores food and controls release to the small intestine via the pyloric sphincter. •Left upper quadrant. primarily lies in the epigastric and umbilical regions 11 o’clock Start, 1 o’clock Finish Stomach Position and Parts Stomach starts- T11 Stomach finishes- L1 •4 main anatomical divisions: The dome-shaped top Entryway where the section that stores esophagus meets undigested food and gas the stomach- T11 from digestion. Main central region, where most acid and enzyme secretion occurs for food breakdown. Leads into the small intestine. Includes the pyloric sphincter, controlling the flow of chyme into the duodenum- L1 Cardiac (Lower Oesophageal) Stomach Sphincters Sphincter: Prevents the backflow (reflux) of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus by closing tightly after food passes through. Pyloric Sphincter: Controls release of chyme from stomach into duodenum. Opens intermittently= small amount of chyme passage= proper digestions + absorption Relations to Other Abdominal Organs Anterior: Posterior: 1. Left lobe of liver 1. Pancreas- Directly behind the stomach, separated 2. Diaphragm by a thin layer of connective tissue called the lesser 3. Anterior abdominal wall sac. 2. Left Kidney and Adrenal Gland: Positioned behind and slightly lateral to the stomach. 3. Spleen: Located posteriorly and laterally near the fundus (upper left portion) of the stomach. Superior 1. Diaphragm: Forms a dome over the Inferior stomach’s fundus, separating it from the 1. Transverse Colon: Runs horizontally below heart and lungs. the stomach 2. Esophagus 2. Duodenum Functional Anatomy of the Stomach Wall The innermost layer, lining the stomach lumen. It consists of epithelial cells, connective tissue, and smooth muscle. The layer just outside the mucosa, composed of loose connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, and The outermost layer of the nerves. stomach wall, consisting of a thin layer of connective tissue and mesothelium Composed of three layers of smooth muscle—an inner oblique layer, a middle circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer.Coeliac trunk • It arises from the abdominal aorta immediately below the aortic hiatus at L1 • It divides into the Left gastric, Splenic and Common hepatic Arteries.Coeliac Trunk • Left Gastric Artery – Anterior and posterior surfaces of the lesser curvature of the stomach • Common Hepatic Artery • Right Gastric – anastomoses with left • Gastroduodenal – Directly to the pylorus and proximal duodenum • Superior pancreaticoduodenal – anastomoses with the inferior (branch of SMA) • Right Gastroepiploic (anastomoses with left) - greater curvature of the stomach and the greater omentum • Hepatic artery Proper • Left Hepatic • Right Hepatic • Cystic Artery –gallbladder • Middle hepatic •Splenic artery • Short Gastric vessels • LT. Gastroepiploic artery, gives rise to both Coeliac gastric and omental branches greater curvature of the stomach and the greater trunk omentum respectively • Pancreatic branches supplying the body and the tail of the pancreas •Peptic ulcers can cause bleeding if the erode into the gastroduodenal artery Disorders of the •Coeliac trunk compression syndrome. coeliac Median arcuate ligaments lying anterior rather than superior to the coeliac trunk trunk compressing it. •Splenic artery aneurysm •The left gastric artery often arises proximal to the bifurcation of the splenic and common hepatic arteries. This is called a false tripod. •The right gastric artery is occasionally seen as a branch of the common hepatic instead of the proper hepatic artery. •The right gastric and right hepatic arteries Variation may arise from the SMA. •The left hepatic artery is sometimes seen as a branch of the left gastric artery. •The inferior phrenic arteries may arise from the coeliac trunk instead of the abdominal aorta