Teaching slides for session: Abdominal landmarks
Summary
This on-demand teaching session led by Manal Malik and Erin O’Kane gives a comprehensive overview of the anatomy and examination of the abdomen. You'll learn key information about bony and cartilaginous landmarks visible or palpable on abdominal examination, such as the Xiphoid Process, Costal Margin, and the Umbilicus. Delve into the contents of the four quadrants of the abdomen, and understand the crucial role of specific anatomical areas like the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and McBurney's point, a critical landmark for locating the appendix. This course is an excellent opportunity to brush up on your understanding of the abdominal musculature, making it useful for a variety of medical professionals and students. Realistic OSCE-style questions throughout the session ensure that the material is applicable and relevant to a clinical setting. This essential knowledge will help with the assessment of pain points and smoother surgical navigations.
Learning objectives
- Identify and palpate key bony and cartilaginous landmarks relevant to abdominal examination including xiphoid process, costal margin, anterior superior iliac spine, pubic symphysis and more.
- Provide a comprehensive understanding of the contents housed in the four quadrants of the abdomen and their clinical significance relative to potential abdominal conditions.
- Explain the anatomical structure and functional roles of the muscles of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall.
- Utilize the specific physical landmarks learned to accurately conduct an abdominal examination for medical assessments or surgery.
- Integrate understanding of the contents and anatomy of the abdomen to deduce clinical relevance in diagnosing disease, assessing trauma and conducting surgery.
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Abdominal Manal Malik (YR4) and Erin O’Kane (YR3) ILOs 1. Demonstrate the bony and cartilaginous landmarks visible or palpable on abdominal examination. 2. Describe the contents of the 4 quadrants of the abdomen 3. Describe the anatomy and function of the muscles of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall.Landmarks on Abdominal ExaminationWhat can we see/ palpate on examination? 1. Xiphoid Process o Where is it anatomically? o How do we palpate it? o Clinical Significance 2. Costal Margin o Where is it anatomically? o How do we palpate it? o Clinical Significance Why do we avoid pressing on the xiphoid process during CPR?3. Umbilicus 4. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine 5. Pubic Symphysis 6. Inguinal LigamentLinea Alba • Fibrous Structure running down the midline of the abdomen • Central tendon between L/R rectus abdominis muscles • Xiphoid process -> pubic symphysis • Surgical landmark for abdominal surgeries – Why? Does anyone know what linea alba translates to from Latin? "What are some clinical conditions that may be relevant in the assessment of the pubic “Imagine a patient has trauma to symphysis in an abdominal the lower right ribs. Based on examination" your knowledge of abdominal landmarks, which organs might you be concerned about in this region, and why?” "How is the ASIS useful in locating the specific point for assessing appendicitis?"McBurney's Point • Landmark used to locate the appendix • Approximately one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the umbilicus. • Point is often used as a guide for incision during an appendectomy OSCE Style Question OSCE Style Question "A patient has tenderness along the “How would you identify the xiphoid process and why would this be right costal margin. What organs useful in assessing upper abdominal would you suspect could be causing pain?” this pain?"Contents of the 4 Abdominal QuadrantsOverview of the QuadrantsRight Upper and Left Upper QuadrantsAnatomy and Function of Abdominal MusclesOverview of Abdominal MusclesFlat MusclesVertical Muscles