T2DM SBAQs
Summary
Join this on-demand Pharmacology of Diabetes tutorial session, led by Dinushan Raveendran. The lecture is perfect for medical professionals seeking to deepen their understanding and application of diabetes drugs. Key topics covered include specific drug functions and mechanisms, identification of medications based on patient conditions, common side effects, and how to handle acute complications. With a variety of case scenarios presented, this is a great chance to apply and refine your decision-making skills in a safe and guided setting, ultimately improving treatment outcomes for your diabetic patients.
Learning objectives
Learning objectives for the Pharmacology of Diabetes Tutorial by Dinushan Raveendran:
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Understand the different medications used in the management of Type 2 diabetes and identify which ones work by reducing hepatic glucose output, increasing insulin sensitivity, or inhibiting reabsorption of glucose.
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Learn the appropriate choice of diabetes treatments for specific patient populations, considering factors such as age, history of recurrent urinary tract infections, BMI and background of pancreatitis.
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Familiarize with the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes and the mechanism of action of different antidiabetic drugs, specifically where they bind to achieve their therapeutic effects.
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Be capable of identifying the most common side effects of the commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs, especially oral metformin.
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Understand the potential acute complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the strategies for their prevention and management, including medication mitigation strategies for weight gain.
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Pharmacology of Diabetes Tutorial Dinushan Raveendran 1. Which of the following medications used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus works by reducing hepatic glucose output? a) Sulphonylureas b) SGLT-2 inhibitors c) Metformin d) DPP-4 inhibitors e) GLP-1 agonist 2. A 74-year-old female, with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections is found to have a HbA1c of 50 mmol/mol upon confirmatory testing for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following medications are contraindicated in this patient? a) Dapagliflozin b) Gliclazide c) Metformin d) Sitagliptin e) Injected insulin 3. A 50-year-old male with a BMI of 35 is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following medications are contraindicated in this patient? a) Metformin b) Sitagliptin c) Dapagliflozin d) Gliclazide e) Injected insulin 4. Oral sitagliptin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following correctly describes its mechanism of action to achieve the desired therapeutic effect? a) Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis b) Increases peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity c) Inhibits reabsorption of glucose d) Increases satiety e) Stimulates insulin secretion 5. Gliclazide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Where does it bind to achieve its therapeutic effect? a) 5ʹ-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) b) ATP-sensitive potassium ion (K+) channels c) Sodium-glucose co-transporter d) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme e) Angiotensin receptor 6. What is the most common side-effect arising from use of oral metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus? a) Rash b) Cardiac failurePharmacology of Diabetes Tutorial Dinushan Raveendran c) Renal impairment d) Gastrointestinal discomfort e) Lactic acidosis 7. A 52-year-old male with a background of pancreatitis is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following medications are contraindicated in this patient? a) Metformin b) Sitagliptin c) Dapagliflozin d) Gliclazide e) Injected insulin 8. Dapagliflozin is a medication used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In which region of the nephron does it bind to achieve its therapeutic effect? a) Glomerulus b) Collecting duct c) Proximal convoluted tubule d) Distal convoluted tubule e) Loop of Henle 9. Which of the following is an acute complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus? a) Nephropathy b) Retinopathy c) Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) d) Peripheral vascular disease e) Ischaemic heart disease 10. What medication can be given concurrently with gliclazide to mitigate weight gain in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus? a) Glimepiride b) Empagliflozin c) Sitagliptin d) Metformin e) Pioglitazone Answers: • SBA 1: (C): Metformin • SBA 2: (A): Dapagliflozin • SBA 3: (D): Gliclazide • SBA 4: (E): Stimulates insulin secretion • SBA 5: (B): ATP-sensitive potassium ion (K+) channelsPharmacology of Diabetes Tutorial Dinushan Raveendran • SBA 6: (D): Gastrointestinal discomfort • SBA 7: (B): Sitagliptin • SBA 8: (C): Proximal convoluted tubule • SBA 9: (C): Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) • SBA 10: (D): Metformin