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Y1: Respiratory System Navina SenthilkumarBefore we begin ▶ Please ask questions!! ▶ Navina – Anatomy and Physiology: ▶ Ventilation ▶ Respiratory cycle (in, out, repeat) ▶ Gas exchange ▶ Haemoglobin ▶ Cardiac cycle ▶ Renee – half ▶ More clinical aspectDO NOT NOTE DOWN ➢ Core Content ➢ Physiology ➢ Alveolar deadspace and shunt *** ➢ CORE SCIENCE ➢ Ventilation ➢ The effect of the ventilation/perfusion ratio on gas composition *** ➢ Anatomy *** ➢ The mechanism of inspiration and expiration *** ➢ The effect of respiratory diseases on ventilation and perfusion ➢ Upper airway, nose, mouth ➢ Central and peripheral nervous control ***ventilation. ** ➢ Thoracic skeleton: vertebrae, stern➢m,Compliance *** ➢ Gas exchange across the alveolar membrane *** ➢ The diaphragm ➢ Surfactant *** ➢ ➢ Larynx ➢ Factors affecting airways diameter ➢nd Gas carriage in the blood ➢ Trachea ➢ Airways resistance ** ➢ Haemoglobin (including fetal haemoglobin, methaemoglobin, ➢ Anatomical, alveolar and physiologi➢alRegional distribution of gas flow ** carboxyhaemoglobin) *** ➢ The pleural cavities ➢ The composition of gas in the airways and alveoli***lobin equilibrium curve, effect of temperature, carbon dioxide, pH and diphosphoglycerate *** ➢ Gross lung anatomy, lobes of the lu➢gsThe effect of hyper- and hypo-ventilation on gas composition *** ➢ Carriage of oxygen in the blood *** ➢ Surface anatomy of the lungs and pleura ➢ Oxygen partial pressure, content and haemoglobin saturation ➢ in the blood ** ➢ Airways: bronchi, respiratory bronchi, alveolar ducts ➢ Gas exchange ➢ Hydration of carbon dioxide, carbonic anhydrase*** ➢ Alveoli ➢ Perfusion of the lungs, regional pe➢fusCarriage of carbon dioxide in the blood *** ➢ The pulmonary circulation ➢ Respiratory exchange ratio *** ➢ Effect of oxygen on carbon dioxide carriage ** ➢ ➢ Lung ventilation and perfusion matching **Ventilation / Perfusion V for Ventilation Q for PerfusionHaemoglobin and oxygen transport▶ In inspiration and expiration, what happens to the following? ▶ Diaphragm ▶ Pressure gradient between alveoli and atmosphere ▶ Inspiratory muscles (e.g. external intercostals) ▶ Expiratory muscles (e.g. internal intercostals, abdominal muscles) *Just good diagramCardio ▶ Oedema commonly collect in areas due to gravity ▶ Ankles ▶ Sacral oedema ▶ Pulmonary oedema – lying flatCardiac Cycle • Systole = ventricular contraction o Tricuspid and mitral valves close o Pulmonary and aortic valves open • Diastole o Tricuspid and mitral valves open o Pulmonary and aortic valves closeFeedback Please take a minute now before you leave to fill in a quick feedback form: https://app.medall.org/training/feedback/an onymous?organisation=accessibility-in- medicine&keyword=bf33c2b66960c26dd48da6 66 AIM Facebook Page ▶ Give our Facebook page a like for updates and opportunities,just search @AIMEdinburgh Thank you for coming! ▶ If you have any more questions, feel free to email me at s1507359@ed.ac.uk, or email accessibilityinmedicine@gmail.com