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Primary Care Updates 2024: Vaccination Schedule

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Summary

This teaching session discusses the vaccine schedule for different age groups, beginning with infants and going up to adults over 65 years old. Led by Jeeves Wijesuriya, the session covers what vaccines are needed at what age, along with the diseases they protect against, and possible side effects. The session also talks about when the vaccine shouldn't be given, ways to manage side effects, and the factors that can affect the scheduling. It provides detailed insights on commonly administered vaccines such as the 6-in-1, Rotavirus, MenB, Hib/MenC, MMR, flu vaccine, and others for both children and adults. Join in to stay updated on the latest vaccine schedules and learn to provide the best care for your patients.

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Description

About the MedAll Primary Care CPD Programme

We are passionate about making medical education free and more accessible. In light of the increasing financial pressures faced by healthcare professionals, including the rising cost of living and strained practice finances, we felt compelled to do something. It's why we have introduced a no-cost CPD programme for doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals working in primary care. We recognise that the high expense of traditional CPD update courses is a significant barrier, and by collaborating as an entire primary care community we hope we can offer a practical, accessible alternative.

About our speaker: Dr Jeeves Wijesuriya

Dr Wijesuriya is a working salaried and out of hours GP in Nottingham. He is Clinical Advisor to the National Vaccination and Screening programme and to the Primary Care team at NHS England.

He is also a Board member of the General Medical Council and Director of Networks for the Association for the Study of Medical Education. He is also a trustee of the Healthcare Workers Foundation and Chair of BMA Charities, which support medical students, NHS staff and refugee doctors in hardship.

Dr Wijesuriya previously held several roles in the British Medical Association, including chair of the UK Junior Doctors Committee and member of their Council.

Who Should Join?

✅ GPs

✅ Primary care and practice nurses

✅ Practice pharmacists

✅ Other allied healthcare professionals in primary care

Note: this event is not formally accredited by an external organisation for CPD points. The current guidance for GP CPD is that it is appropriate that the credits you self-allocate should equal however many hours you spent on learning activities, as long as they are demonstrated by a reflective note on lessons learned and any changes made or planned (if applicable).

Learning objectives

  1. Understand the recommended vaccination schedule for babies under 1 year old including the conditions that each vaccine protects against.
  2. Recognize contraindications for the delivery of vaccines such as allergy and severe combined immunodeficiency.
  3. Identify common side effects of vaccinations and appropriate symptom management strategies.
  4. Understand the importance and timing of vaccines for childhood and teenage years, including the diseases they protect from.
  5. Learn about the vaccines recommended for adults, particularly older adults, including the flu vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, and shingles vaccine, as well as the conditions those vaccinations protect against.
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The following transcript was generated automatically from the content and has not been checked or corrected manually.

TheV accination Schedule JeevesWijesuriyaContraindications They only cannot have the vaccine if: • they've had a serious allergicreaction (anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of the vaccine • they've had a serious allergicreaction toanything in the vaccineCommonside effects • swelling or pain where the injection wasgiven • a high temperature • feeling tired • loss of appetite • being sick or diarrhoea • Irritability You can giveparacetamol to ease any symptoms. Vaccines for babies under 1 year old Age Vaccines 8 weeks 6-in-1vaccine(1stdose) Rotavirusvaccine(1st dose) MenB vaccine(1st dose) 12 weeks 6-in-1vaccine(2nd dose) Pneumococcal vaccine Rotavirusvaccine(2nd dose) 16 weeks 6-in-1vaccine(3rd dose) MenB vaccine(2nd dose)6-in-1 vaccine Givenat8,12,16weeks The 6-in-1 vaccine protects babies against 6 serious illnesses: • diphtheria • hepatitis B • Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) • polio • tetanus • whooping cough There are 2types of 6-in-1 vaccine given in the UK. Infranix hexa 6-in-1 Vaxelis 6-in-1 vaccineRotavirus vaccine Given at 8 and 12 weeks protect against rotavirus, a common cause of diarrhoea and vomiting • Preventsrotavirus infection in 8out of every 10babies • Given as a liquid that's squirted intoyour baby's mouth. • Cannot be given if severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID),intussusception,fructose intolerance, glucose- galactosemalabsorptionor their mother took biological medicines while pregnantor breastfeeding • Rotarixvaccine • Bestto havethe vaccinations on time, but your babycan still havethe rotavirus vaccine up to 15weeks old (for the 1st dose) or 24weeks (for the 2nddose). • For a few weeks poo maycontain a weakened versionof rotavirus.MenB vaccine Given at 8 weeks, 16 weeks and 1 year • Responsibleforabout9in every10meningococcalinfectionsinyoungchildren.Canbe veryserious,causingmeningitisandsepsis.Thiscanleadtoseverebraindamage, amputationsand,sometimes,death. • Bexserovaccine-singleinjectionintoyourbaby'sthigh. • Made from3 majorproteinsfoundonthesurfaceofmostmeningococcalbacteria,and theoutermembraneof1MenBstrain. • 2 othervaccinesagainstcommonstrainsofmeningococcaldisease: • MenACWYvaccine– offeredto14-year-oldsandfirst-timestudents • Hib/MenCvaccine–forbabiesat1yearoldPneumococcalvaccine 12weeksand1yearprotects againstpneumonia,sepsis andmeningitis. • Recommended for peopleat higher risk, such as babies and adults > 65 • Also helps protect againstother illnesses such as sinusitis and ear infections. • 2 types of pneumococcal vaccine • Pneumovax– usually given to adults and children over 2 • Prevenar– usually given to babies under 2 Age Vaccines 1 year Hib/MenCvaccine(1stdose) MMR vaccine(1stdose) Pneumococcalvaccine (2nddose) MenBvaccine (3rddose) 2 to15 years Children'sflu vaccine(Annual) Childhood 3 yearsand4 months MMR vaccine(2nddose) 4-in-1 pre-schoolboostervaccine 12 to13years HPVvaccine 14 years 3-in-1 teenageboostervaccine MenACWYvaccineHib/MenC vaccine • given to 1year old babies afterthey've had 3 doses of the6-in-1vaccine • b (Hib) and thetypeof meningitis caused bygroupC bacteria • Menitorix • Hib/MenC vaccineis given asan injection intotheupper arm or thigh • they're13or 14years old (school year 9 or 10)to boostprotectionagainstmeningitis CMMR (measles, mumpsand rubella) vaccine Givenat 1year and 3 years8 months • protects against3serious illnesses: • measles • mumps • rubella (german measles) • Thesehighlyinfectious conditions caneasilyspreadbetween unvaccinatedpeople. • Getting vaccinatedis important, as theseconditions canalsoleadto serious problems including meningitis, hearing loss and problems during pregnancy. • 2 doses of a singleinjection into the muscle of the thigh or upper arm. • 2 doses of the vaccineare needed to ensure full protection • After 2 doses: • around 99% of people will be protected againstmeasles andrubella • around 88% of people will be protected againstmumps • There's no evidence of any link between the MMR vaccineandautism. There are many studies that haveinvestigatedthis. • Priorix and MMRVaxPro. MMRVaxPro contains porcine gelatineChildren'sflu vaccine 2to 3years,school-aged childrentoYear11and childrenwith certainlong- termhealth conditions • Eachwinter inthe UK, thousandsofchildrenwho donot havea healthconditionneedhospitalcare becauseofflu • FluenzTetranasalsprayfluvaccine-contains porcinegelatinandegg • children'sflu vaccineis usuallygivenas a quick andpainlessnasalsprayineachnostril. • Childrenwhocannothavethenasalsprayvaccine quadrivalentinfluenza,given as aninjectioninto the upperarm or thigh • Takes 14 daysto work4-in-1pre-schoolbooster vaccine given tochildren aged 3 years, 4 months old before they start school. • protectchildrenagainst4seriousillnesses: • diphtheria • polio • tetanus • whooping cough • It booststhe protection providedbythe 6-in-1 vaccine. • BvaccineIPV4-in-1vaccine or Repevax4-in-1 • childrencanstillhaveit upto the age of10HPV vaccine 12 to 13 years old and people at higher risk from HPV. • commonvirusspreadthroughskincontact(usually whenhaving sex) • Mosttypes areharmless.Somelinked to increasedrisk of: • cervical, mouth,analand penile cancers • genital warts • 1 typeofHPV vaccinegiven in the UK-Gardasil9HPV • Injectioninto yourarm • Numberof dosesdependson age andimmune system: • <25usually onlyneed 1 dose • people aged 25to 45usuallyneed 2 doses • people with weakened immunesystemneed3 dosesHPVVaccine Who Where Childrenaged 12 to13 Secondary school(or (schoolyear 8) communityclinics for • Big dropinthenumberof thosenotinschool) youngpeople getting conditionslinked toHPV, Girls under25and boys Checkwithyourschool suchas cervical cancerand genitalwarts. bornafter1 September nurse,school 2006 whomissed having vaccinationteamorGP • Researchsuggeststhat thevaccineat school surgery overtimetheHPVvaccine will helpsave thousandsof Menunder45 whohave Sexualhealth sexwithmen,andother clinics orHIVclinics lives intheUK. peopleathigherrisk of HPV3-in-1 teenage booster 14 years • Td/IPV vaccineboostsprotectionagainst3 diseases: tetanus,diphtheriaandpolio. • single injectiongiven intothe muscle of the upperarm • given atsecondary school(in school year9) at the same time asthe MenACWYvaccine • RevaxisMenACWY vaccine 14 years • preventmeningitisandsepticaemia • Routinelyofferedto teenagersinschoolYears9and10 • "Fresher"studentsgoingto universityforthe firsttime,Hajjpilgrims,travellersto countrieswithhigh rates • Slightlydifferentindevolvednations • You can ask aGPforthisvaccineuntilyour25th birthday,ifyoumissedhavingit atschoolorbeforecomingto theUKto study • outbreaksofmumpsandmeaslesatuniversities.Ifyouhave notpreviouslyhad2 dosesoftheMMR vaccine,you canaska GPforthevaccine • Nimenrix • containsonlythe sugarcoatingfoundonthesurfaceofthe4typesof meningococcalbacteria.Itworksbytriggeringthebody'simmunesystemto developantibodiesagainstthesesugarcoatingswithoutcausingdisease • Specialistadviceinhaemophilia,bleedingdisorderorpregnancy/breastfeeding Adults Age Vaccines 65 years Flu vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine Shingles vaccine 70 to 79years Shingles vaccineFluVaccine • recommended for people at higher risk of getting seriously ill from flu • offered on the NHS every year in autumn or early winter • You can get the free NHS flu vaccine if you: • are aged 65 or over (including if you will be 65 by 31March 2024) • have certain long-term health conditions • are pregnant • live in a care home • are the main carer for an older or disabled person, or receive a carer's allowance • live with someone who has a weakened immune system • Frontline health and social care workerFluVaccine • Someofthefluvaccines used intheUK containeggprotein • Adjuvantedquadrivalent, Supemtekquadrivalent and Cell-basedquadrivalent influenzavaccinesin >65 • Influvacsub-unittetra quadrivalentalso available in 18-64 • Takes upto14 daystoworkPneumococcalvaccine • protectagainstpneumoniaand meningitis • Over65andthoseathigherrisk • 2 typesof pneumococcalvaccinegiven in the UK • Pneumovax–usuallygiven to adults and children over2 • Prevenar–usuallygiven to babies under2 • protection byabout3 weeksfromwhen youhad the vaccine • Mostpeople only need 1 doseof the vaccineforlong-termprotectionShingles • alladultsturning 65,thoseaged 70to 79 and thoseaged 50and over with aseverely weakened immunesystem. • causes a painful rash,cansometimes leadto long-lasting pain,hearing loss or blindness. • shingles vaccinehelps: • reduce your chances of getting shingles • reduce your chances of getting serious problems ifyou do getshingles • Zostavaxcontainsa weakenedversionofthe virus. Thisvaccine is notsuitableifyou havea severely weakenedimmunesystem soyou'll be givenShingrixinstead.Shingrixis2 doses • Information:Seasonal When offered Vaccine flu season Flu vaccine From 16weeks Whooping cough (pertussis) pregnant vaccineWhoopingCough 16-32 weeks pregnant • Whooping cough (pertussis) rates have risen sharply in recent years and babies who are too young to start their vaccinations are at greatest risk • Getting vaccinated while you're pregnant is highly effective in protecting your baby from developing whooping cough in the firstfew weeks of their life • immunity you get from the vaccine will pass to your baby through the placenta providing passive protection • used routinely in pregnant women in the UK since October 2012 • 91% reduced riskof becoming ill with whooping cough in their firstweeks of life • no whooping cough-only vaccine, the vaccine you'll be given also protects against polio, diphtheria and tetanus - Boostrix IPVUnderstanding Vaccine Hesitancy Value of vaccine preventabledisease Low perceivedrisk orrisk/threatoutweighsbenefit Availability andunderstanding Trust Model of Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy (MacDonald, 2015)Thank you https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/v accinations/nhs-vaccinations- and-when-to-have-them/