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ELBOW AND FOREARM DR JENNY QUANG & DR YUMNA NAYABNORMAL X-RAY AP Lateral ObliqueNORMAL ANATOMY AP LateralTEARDROP SIGNX-RAY INTERPRETATION ¡ Patient details & time of radiograph ¡ Body part: joints & bones, side of body, adequacy ¡ Main finding ¡ Alignment: anterior humeral line, radiocapitellar line, carrying angle ¡ Effusion: posterior fat pad (pathological) & anterior fat pad (can be normal) ¡ Bones: olecranon, radial head, radial neck ¡ Cortex ¡ SummaryANTERIOR HUMERAL LINERADIOCAPITELLAR LINECARRYING / CUBITAL ANGLEFAT PAD SIGN = POSSIBLE JOINT EFFUSION Normal AbnormalOLECRANON FRACTUREOLECRANON FRACTUREELBOW DISLOCATIONRADIAL HEAD FRACTURERADIAL NECK FRACTURECORONOID PROCESS FRACTURE AP Lateral ObliqueTERRIBLE TRIAD AP Lateral ObliqueDISTAL HUMERUS FRACTURESLATERAL CONDYLE FRACTURETRANSCONDYLAR FRACTURESUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE – GARTLAND CLASSIFICATIONSUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE – TYPE 1BSUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE – TYPE 3BFOREARM FRACTURESMONTEGGIA FRACTURE-DISLOCATIONBADO CLASSIFICATIONTYPE 1 MONTEGGIATYPE 3 MONTEGGIAGALEAZZI FRACTURE DISLOCATIONCOMBINED MONTEGGIA GALEAZZI FRACTURE DISLOCATIONOSTEOARTHRITISRHEUMATOID ARTHRITISGOUTOLECRANON BURSITISREFERENCES ¡ https://radiopaedia.org/ ¡ https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/musculoskeletal/x-ray_trauma_upper_limb/elbow_fracture_x-ray ¡ https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/musculoskeletal/x-ray_trauma_upper_limb/forearm_trauma_x- ray ¡ https://orthopaedicacademy.net/courses/orthopaedic-x-ray-interpretation-course/modules/elbow-forearm- radiographs/SHOULDER DR JENNY QUANG & DR YUMNA NAYABNORMAL ANATOMY Frontal external view Frontal internal view NORMAL ANATOMY 2 greater tuberosity 3 lesser tuberosity 5 humeral shaft 6 humeral head 7 glenoid fossa 8 acromion 9 acromioclavicular joint 10 coracoid process 11 clavicle 14 inferior angle 16 scapula body Lateral / Scapula Y view Axial viewSCAPULAGLENOHUMERAL JOINTLATERAL / SCAPULAR Y VIEWAXIAL VIEWACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT (ACJ)X-RAY INTERPRETATION ¡ Patient details & time of radiograph ¡ Body part: joints & bones, side of body, adequacy ¡ Main finding ¡ Soft tissues ¡ Cortex: humerus, clavicle, scapula ¡ Alignment: glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint ¡ Joint congruency ¡ Specific areas: ribs, lungs ¡ Common pathology ¡ SummaryNORMAL X-RAYANTERIOR DISLOCATION - APANTERIOR DISLOCATION – SCAPULAR YANTERIOR DISLOCATION - AXIALHILL-SACHS DEFECTBANKART LESIONPOSTERIOR DISLOCATION - APPOSTERIOR DISLOCATION – SCAPULAR YPOSTERIOR DISLOCATION – TROUGH LINEPOSTERIOR DISLOCATION – LOSS OF HALF-MOON OVERLAP SIGN Abnormal NormalINFERIOR DISLOCATION AP LateralPSEUDO-DISLOCATION AP AxialACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT (ACJ) DISRUPTIONSTERNOCLAVICULAR DISLOCATIONCLAVICULAR FRACTUREPROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTUREGREATER TUBEROSITY FRACTURESCAPULAR FRACTURECORACOID PROCESS FRACTUREACROMION FRACTURESHOULDER IMPINGEMENTCHRONIC ROTATOR CUFF TEAR ARTHROPATHYGLENOHUMERAL OSTEOARTHRITISCALCIFIC TENDINOPATHY / TENDINITISOSTEONECROSIS / AVASCULAR NECROSISPANCOAST TUMOURREFERENCES ¡ https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/musculoskeletal/x- ray_trauma_upper_limb/upper_limb_trauma_x-ray_start ¡ https://radiopaedia.org/ ¡ https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/musculoskeletal/imaging-joints-bones/soft_tissue_calcificationTHANKS FOR LISTENING! th Monday 28 November 6pm: Hip/Pelvis & Knees https://app.medall.org/event-listings/orthopaedic-x-ray-teaching-hip-pelvis-knees