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PRECLINEAZY MUSCULOSKELETAL Presenters: Fatima Kamran MSK Todays Session will cover Human Skeletal Organization Types of Bones Bone Joints Bone Cells Microanatomy of Bone Adult: 206 (Child: 270) Axial: Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum Appendicular: Limbs TYPES OF BONES • Short • Flat • Long • Sesamoid • Irregular • Sutural Question 1 31-year-old pregnant woman is diagnosed with a A Synarthrosis posterolateral herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. What type of bone joint is present between vertebral discs? B Primary Cartilaginous C Diarthrosis D Secondary Cartilaginous E Fibrous Question 1 31-year-old pregnant woman is diagnosed with a A Synarthrosis posterolateral herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. What type of bone joint is present between vertebral discs? B Primary Cartilaginous C Diarthrosis D Secondary Cartilaginous E Fibrous TYPES OF JOINTS Primary Cartilaginous Joints • Ampiarthrosis • Hyaline Cartilage Insert text • Very limited mobility Insert text • Temporary Joints (ossify later) Insert text • Ex: between epiphysis and diaphysis Insert text of a growing bone Secondary Cartilaginous Joints • Ampiarthrosis Insert text • Fibrocartilage in between hyaline Insert text cartilage disc on articular surfaces Insert text • Ex: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis Insert text TYPES OF JOINTS Fibrous Joints • Synarthrosis Insert text • Immobile Insert text • Two ends of bone connected by dense, fibrous connective tissue Insert text which is rich in collagen Insert text • Ex: skull sutures, tooth socket Synovial Joints • Diarthrosis • Capsule with synovial membrane, articular cartilage, cavity with fluid (Fibroblasts secretions) and ligaments • Articular discs made of fibrocartilage act as shock absorbers • Labrum made of fibrocartilage deepens joint socket MOVEMENT OF BONE JOINTS • Pivot: rotation around the pivot • Hinge: movement takes place on one plane • Saddle: biaxial joints in which the INSERT IMAGE HERE articular surfaces have both concave and convex regions • Plane: sliding between bones • Condyloid/Ellipsoid: biaxial, and consist of an oval, convex surface apposed to an elliptical concavity • Ball and socket: multiaxial Question 2 What bone cells are activated by Parathyroid stimulatiAg Osteogenic cell hormone (PTH) ? B Osteoblast C Osteocyte D Osteoclast E All of the options Question 2 What bone cells are activated by Parathyroid stimulatiAg Osteogenic cell hormone (PTH) ? B Osteoblast C Osteocyte D Osteoclast E All of the options BONE CELLS Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts • Mono-nucleate • Multi-nucleate • Found in small spaces called lacunae within • Derived from • Derived from the mineralized bone mesenchymal cells hematopoietic cells matrix • Bone- forming cells • Forms bone tissue • Bone-resorbing cells • Osteoblasts differentiate • Reside in Howships’ into osteocytes lacunaeOsteoblasts produce: 1) RANK L Receptors • Binds to RANK on osteoclast • precursor • Promotes osteoclast development, increasing bone resorption INSERT IMAGE HERE • Nicotine promotes osteoclast differentiation 2)Osteoprotegerin (OPG) • Binds to RANKL receptor, preventing its binding • Oestrogen promotes OPG Question 3 What type of bone is represented by label number 2? A Spongy Cortical B C Cancellous D Trabecular E Woven Question 3 What type of bone is represented by label number 2? A Spongy Cortical B C Cancellous D Trabecular E Woven Types of Bone Primary Bone Secondary Bone • Woven bone (immature) • Lamellar bone (mature) • 2 types: trabecular bone (cancellous or • Healing fractures spongy) and compact bone (dense or cortical)Primary bone (spongy) Secondary bone (spongy) Secondary bone (compact) • Healing fractures and • Does NOT contain • Insert text tooth sockets osteons • Irregular arrangement • Inner trabeculae • Insert text • Low density osteoid surround bone marrow • Osteocyte rich spaces • Insert text • Insert textSecondary bone (compact) INSERT INSERT TEXT INSERT TEXT INSERT TEXT • Haematoma • Inflammation • Granulation BONE HEALING • Callus • Remodelling THANKS FOR WATCHINGPLEASE FILL OUT THE FEEDBACK FORM PLEASE TUNE IN TO OUR REMAINING SESSIONS THIS WEEK