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IR Juniors GI BLEEDING IRBITES WHAT IS IT? Upper GI bleeding presents with blood in the vomit (haematemesis) or dark, tarry stool (melaena) due to a bleed from the gut proximal to the Ligament of Treitz. A lower GI bleed is from anywhere distal to this and presents as fresh red blood in the stool (haematochezia). The bleeding leads to a drop in haemoglobin (Hb) level and a urea rise. Endoscopy is the first-line diagnostic method, but CT angio (CTA) can also detect active blood loss >0.3ml/min. DIAGNOSIS MANAGEMENT Endoscopy OGD Embolisation Flexi-sig Colonoscopy CT Angio Blood in bowel lumen rID: 9376 CTA detects active bleeding sites >0.3 ml/min as visible as focal hyperdense spots on the arterial phase or pooling of contrast agent IRBITE on the portal venous phase. Embolisation can performed with a temporary gelatine sponge or permanent coils or glue. Interventional Radiology Curriculum for Radiograph courtesy of Dr Christopher Clake rID: 9376 Radiopaedia.org IR Bites is a 12 part teaching series for medical students and junior doctors of any grade who want to learn more about interventional radiology. We aim to teach you the CIRSE Interventional Radiology curriculum for medical students.