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INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH By:ZawarRaza FinalYear MBBS WHAT IS RESEARCH? • Aprocess of systematicinquiry that entails collectionof data; documentationof criticalinformation;and analysis and interpretationof that data/information,in accordance with suitablemethodologiesset by specificprofessionalfieldsand academic disciplines. WHY DO WE NEED IT? • First of all,to pass4 year Community medicine. (20 marks Research project) • Helps build up your C.. • If you’re planning to givePLAB or USMLE. • If you want to do fellowship in Pakistan ( CIP Calculator) • Improves your practical knowledge • Fun to do!! HOW TO START? Things to think about- • Topics of interest, Hot topics currently present in society. • Is it feasible? • Is it worth doing? (personal preference) • Will it do any good to the society? ( helps in getting accepted by journals) COMPONENTS OF RESEARCH • Hypothesis (the core of your research) • Synopsis • Datacollection • Dataanalysis • Report writing STEP #1 • HYPOTHESIS: a suppositionor proposedexplanationmadeonthe basisof limited evidenceasa starting point for further investigation. It should : 1. Explain whatyou expectto happen 2. Be clearand understandable 3. Be testable 4. Be measurable 5. Contains an independentand dependentvariables.ONCE YOU HAVE A HYPOTHESIS HALF OF YOUR WORK IS DONE STEP # 2 • Synopsiswriting: A synopsis is like an applicationconsistingof all the components whichyou will work on or work with. It must have: 1. An introduction 2. Literaturereview 3. An operational definition 4. Your objectives 5. Hypothesis6. Description of study (studyof population, inclusion, exclusion criteria) 7. Methodology ( study design,setting ,sample size,Sampling techniques, Data analysis tools,Variable of interest) 8. DataAnalysis 9. Pilot study 10. Ethical considerations 11. Work plan and budget GANTT CHART May I May II June I June II July I July II August I August II ACTIVITIES Literature search Synopsis writing Synopsis presentation to IRB Pretest Data collection Data entry Data clearing Data analysis Report writing Report submission IRB APPROVAL FMC • The main purpose of IRB is to assess the synopsis and giverecommendations about your research. • Community Medicine department is currently responsible for all IRB activities. • IRB panel has HODs from different departments of FMC and PAF Hospital. ONCE IRB HAS GIVENYOU APPROVALYOU’RE GOOD TO GO. STEP # 3 • DATACOLLECTION now comes the interesting part!!! - Throughquestionnaires - Throughinterviews Make sure your questionnaire should be precise and to the point having both closed and open-ended questions. STEP # 4 • DATAANALYSIS: - we are currently using SPSS software. You can getit for free from IT department Air University. • Haveto learn it first. • Easy to use. • Easy to handle• You have to present your data in form of :- • Tables • Charts • Diagrams It makes your analysis easy.ONE IMPORTANT THING YOU HAVE TO BE UNBIASED ABOUT YOUR RESEARCH.DATA ANALYSIS CAN BE TIRING BUT IT IS WORTH IT STEP # 5 Report writing Once you have completed your analysis, the last step is to write your analysis in the form of a Report. It should bea detailed analysis of your work. • Must havea conclusion. • Must highlight merits and demerits. • Should be anunbiased opinion. DEFENSE OF YOUR RESEARCH • At our undergraduate level,our community medicine department will set a board in front of which you will have to summarize your finding and defend your research work. • You can easily pass this defense. IMPORTANT POINTS • At undergraduate level, we must have a supervisor appointed to us. • Research will need a lot of editing and re-editing of your work. The key is to try again and again. • Research outcomes might not be according to what you first hypothesized. • If you get stuck at any level. Ask for help.IT IS A FIRST FOR ALL OF US AT SOME POINT. SO, LETS TAKE THIS FIRST STEP TOGETHER.