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Skull and Facial Osteology • Viscerocranium • Quiz Session • Neurocranium • Orbit outline • Skull fossae • Quiz What is the viscerocranium? • Bones of the face • Function: • Provides facial structure • Supports soft tissues • 14 facial bones: • Nasal x2 • Lacrimal x2 • Palatine x2 • Inferior concha x2 • Zygomatic x2 • Maxilla x2 • Vomer x1 • Mandible x1 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/the-skull/Zygomatic bone Marginal tubercle Frontal process Zygomatico-orbital foramen Temporal process Orbital tubercle Orbital surface Zygomaticofacial foramen Lateral surface Zygomatic joint with maxillaMaxillae Frontal process Infraortbital margin Infraorbital foramen Zygomatic process Frontal process Nasal crest Maxillary sinus Nasal notch Palatine process Intermaxillary suture Nasal crest Alveolar processMandible Condylar process Mylohyoid Sublingual groove Mandibular foramen fossa Coronoid process Mandibular notch Alveolar process Mental Lingula foramen Mandibular Ramus foramen Mylohyoid line Mental protuberance Body (chin) Angle of mandible Oblique line Mylohyoid Sublingual Mental groove fossa spineT emporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Upper joint cavity Lateral ligament Sphenomandibular ligament Capsule Mandibular fossArticular disk Protrusion Synovial membrane Retraction Capsule Fibrocartilage on articular surface Lower joint cavity Stylomandibular ligament Articular tubercle Elevation DepressionSmall Bone of the Viscerocranium Vomer Palatine Lacrimal Nasal Inferior nasal concha What is the largest bone of the viscerocranium? a)Mandible b)Maxilla c)Frontal d)Zygoma e)Lacrimal What bone is the second most common facial fracture? a)Nasal bone b)Maxilla c)Lacrimal d)Zygoma e)Lacrimal How many ligaments are part of the TMJ? a)3 b)5 c)2 d)1 e)4 What travels through the mental foramen? a)Maxillary nerve b)Facial artery c)Lingual artery d)Inferior alveolar nerve e)Lingual vein What is the most common facial fracture? a)Nasal bone b)Maxilla c)Lacrimal d)Zygoma e)Lacrimal What is the neurocranium? • Bones that surround the brain and brainstem • Function: • Protects the brain and brainstem • Provides attachments for muscles • 8 bones: • Frontal x1 • Parietal x2 • Temporal x2 • Ethmoid x1 • Sphenoid x1 • Occiput x1 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/the-skull/ Frontal Articulation with parietal bone Squamous part Frontal eminence Nasal part Glabella Superciliary arch Frontal notch Temporal surface Supraorbital margin Zygomatic process Supraorbital notch Orbital part Parietal Frontal angle Parietal margin Occipital angle Frontal margin Sphenoidal Frontal angle angle Parietal margin Temporal margin Occipital margin Mastoid angle Frontal margin Groove of middle Occipital angle meningeal artery Temporal margin Occipital Sphenoidal margin angle Mastoid angle Temporal Squamous portion Groove for middle temporal artery Mandibular fossa External acoustic meatus Zygomatic process Articular tubercle Mastoid process Styloid processOcciput Sphenoid Chiasmatic sulcus Tuberculum sellae Anterior clinoid process Optic canal Hypophysial fossa SOF Foramen rotundum Dorsum sellae Posterior clinoid Foramenovale process Lateral Foramen spinosum plate Medial plateEthmoidSutures Coronal suture Squamous suture Lamboid suture Sagittal sutureFontanelles Anterior fontanelle Posterior Posterior fontanelle fontanelle Anterior fontanelle Sphenoid fontanelleastoid fontanelleBony Orbit Medial: Base: - Ethmoid - Orbital rim - Maxilla - Bounded by Roof: - Lacrimal the eyelids - Frontal - Sphenoid - Lesser wing of sphenoid Apex: Lateral: - Opening to the - Zygomatic optic canal - Greater wing of sphenoid Floor: - Maxilla - Palatine - ZygomaticContents/Pathways of the Orbit Optic canal SOF Extraocular muscles Lacrimal gland Eyeball IOF Ophthalmic Optic nerve arteryCranial FossaeAnterior Cranial Fossa Frontal crest Bones: Crista galli - Frontal - Ethmoid Cribriform plate - Lesser wings of sphenoid Lesser wing Anterior clinoid processMiddle Cranial Fossa Optic canal SOF Foramen rotundum Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Hiatus of the greater Bones: petrosal nerve Foramen - Sphenoid spinosum - Temporal - Parietal carotid canalPosterior Cranial Fossa Clivus Hypoglossal canal Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Bones: - Temporal - Parietal - Occipital Internal occipital crest What structures pass through the foramen ovale? a)Petrosal artery b)Maxillary nerve c)Basilar vein d)Carotid artery e)Mandibular nerve What attaches to the cri?ta galli a)Tentorium cerebri b)Falxcerbelli c)Falx cerebri d)Tentorium cerebelli e)Diaphragma sellae What structures pass through the foramen rotundum? a)Petrosal artery b)Maxillary nerve c)Basilar vein d)Carotid artery e)Mandibular nerve What bone does not form part of the anterior cranial fossa? a)Sphenoid b)Frontal c)Ethmoid d)Temporal What structures do not pass through the foramen magnum? a)Medulla oblongata b)Fourth part of the vertebral artery c)Basilar vein d)Accessory nerve e)Posterior spinal artery Thank You! Any questions?