AIM Interpretation of Test Results Tutorial Slides

Summary

Learn to systematically interpret ECGs, CXR, and blood tests in an OSCE setting. Led by expert tutor Marianna Ioannou, this session will help you identify key irregularities in tests and relate them to clinical presentations. You'll learn how to communicate these findings consistently to an examiner or patient. The course covers a range of areas - from understanding ECG rates and rhythms, identifying atrial fibrillation or flutter, to managing hyperkalemia. Chest X-ray interpretation is also covered using the ABCDE approach. Blood analysis will include conditions such as Addison’s disease, cholestatic LFT pattern, and iron deficiency anemia. Equip yourself with these essential skills and enhance your patient management proficiency.

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Description

Join us in our AIM Year 4 Tutorial on interpreting test results, including blood tests, x-rays, and ECGs. This online, interactive session is specifically designed for medical professionals looking to consolidate their practice and gather critical insights. You'll gain top tips for Year 4 OSCEs and written exams, making this session an invaluable resource for your medical journey. Don't miss this opportunity to improve your skills and deepen your knowledge.

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Learning objectives

Upon completion of this teaching session, learners will be able to systematically interpret ECGs, CXR, and blood results in an OSCE setting and identify main abnormalities.
Learners will acquire the skill to relate abnormal investigation findings with different clinical presentations and potential underlying diseases.
Learners will be able to demonstrate a systematic approach to interpreting ECGs, relying on rate, rhythm, axis and segment intervals.
By the end of the session, participants will become proficient in the ABCDE approach to chest X-rays, furthering their competence to correctly interpret common CXR findings.
Learners will be able to communicate the findings of various test results clearly and concisely to an examiner or patient, including explaining the implications of the results and potential next steps.

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Interpretation of Test Results Yr 4 19/03/2025 Tutor: Marianna IoannouLearning outcomes Systematically interpret ECGs, CXR, bloods in an OSCE setting Identify key abnormalities in investigations and link them to clinical presentations Communicate findings clearly and concisely to examiner or patientECGsSystematic Approach to ECGs 1. Rate (300/ # big boxes between QRS) 2. Rhythm: regular or irregular (R-R interval, sinus?) 3. Axis LBBB, VT 4. Intervals PR – normal: <200 or 5 small boxes QRS <120 (3 small boxes)? If >120 -> BBB or VT/VF QT <50% of R-R interval? RBBB, 5. ST segments RVHAcute Coronary SyndromesECG 1ECG 2Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter 1. Rate vs Rhythm Control? 2. Anticoagulation?ECG 3Hyperkalaemia Causes 1. Medications (ACEi/ARBs, Spironolactone, etc…) 2. CKD/AKI 3. Massive cell death (Rhabdo, Tumor lysis syndrome) 4. Acidosis Management 1. IV Calcium gluconate 2. Insulin + Dextrose +/- Salbutamol nebulisers 3. Potassium binders If refractory, DIALYSISChest X-raysABCDE Approach 1. Confirm patient details 1. Assess image quality Rotation Inspiration Projection (PA vs AP) Exposure 1. ABCDE A - Airway: Trachea, carina, bronchi, hilar structures B - Breathing: Lungs and pleura C - Cardiac: Heart size & borders D - Diaphragm E - Everything else: mediastinal contours, bones, soft tissues, tubes, pacemakers etc…CXR 1CXR 2 - Lobar pneumoniaCXR 2CXR 2 - Tension PneumothoraxCXR 3CXR 3 - Congestive HFCXR 4CXR 4 - Pleural EffusionBloodsBloods 1Bloods 1 - Addison’s disease Next steps: 1. SynACTHen test 2. ACTH levels Steroid replacement!Bloods 2Bloods 2 - Cholestatic LFT patternBloods 3Bloods 3 - Iron Deficiency AnemiaQUESTIONS? Feedback https://app.medall.org /feedback/feedback- flow?keyword=27dd55 395031d9c7fc001258 &organisation=accessi bility-in-medicineThank you for coming! If you have any more questions, feel free to email me at s1912178@ed.ac.uk or email accessibilityinmedicine@gmail.com Give our Facebook page a like for updates and opportunities, just search @AIMEdinburghThank you to our sponsors