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Where: MedAll (Link in Bio) When: Sun 29th Nov 6pm Dermatology LECTURE SERIES For students, by students Showing you conditions in skin of colour Presented by Akua Asare ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES STRUCTURE NEONATAL RASHES ERYTHEMA TOXICUM NEONATORUM MILIARIA SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS ATOPIC DERMATITIS NEONATAL ACNE CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NAEVI ACNE VULGARIS CAPILLARY MALFORMATION INFANTILE HAEMANGIOMA LO’S: HAVE AN AWARENESS OF TODAY’S CONDITIONS IN SKIN OF COLOUR BE ABLE TO CORRECTLY ANSWER SBAS ON TODAYS TOPICS CONDITIONSE OF THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF TODAY’S ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum (ETN): What it is: Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum is a benign, transient rash that appears in the first few days of life, affecting approximately half of all newborns. Description: Babies often develop small yellow or white papules surrounded by a red halo on the face and trunk. It's a blotchy red rash with small bumps that can be filled with fluid. Although the fluid might look like pus, there is no infection. Investigations: No specific investigations are required for ETN. Management: Reassurance to the parents that this is a self-limiting condition and no treatment is needed. ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum (ETN): ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Miliaria (Heat Rash): What it is: Miliaria/ eccrine miliaria, is triggered by blocked eccrine sweat glands and ducts, causing backflow of eccrine sweat into the dermis or epidermis, often seen in hot and humid climates. Description: A newborn presents with tiny red sweat filled vesicles on the neck and in skin folds after exposure to a warm environment. Investigations: Clinical diagnosis; no specific investigations are required. Management: Keeping the baby cool and dry is usually sufficient. Avoid excessive clothing and heat exposure. ACMS EducateDermatology LECTURE SERIES Miliaria (Heat rash) ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap): What it is: Cradle cap is seborrheic dermatitis that affects infants. It’s often scaling, greasy patches that are thick, crusty, yellow, white or brown and not easily removed. Description: Cradle cap is traditionally red, itching, and greasy scaling of the skin. In patients of colour, affected areas may be lighter in colour than the surrounding skin and may have no redness. These patches occur most commonly on the scalp, face, ears, chest, and in skin folds. Dandruff is considered to be a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis. Investigations: Clinical diagnosis; no specific investigations are required a clinical one is sufficient. Management: Gentle washing of the affected area and application of mineral oil can help soften the scales for easy removal. ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap): ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): What is it: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, itchy dry skin disease associated with a rash that often starts in infancy. It can be associated with allergies and asthma. Description: red (erythematous) or hyperpigmented in skin of colour, weeping/crusted (exudative) rash. There may be blisters (vesicles or bullae). Over time the dermatitis becomes chronic and the skin becomes less red but thickened (lichenified) and scaly. In children scaly patches often presents on the cheeks, arms, and trunk. Investigations: Usually a clinical diagnosis, but allergy testing may be considered in severe cases. Management: Emollients, very low potency steroid cream e.g. 0.05% avoiding known triggers, and sometimes, topical corticosteroids for flare-ups. ACMS EducateDermatology LECTURE SERIES Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Neonatal Acne: Description: Acne neonatorum is an acneiform eruption that occurs in newborns or infants within the first 4-6 weeks of life, and presents with open and closed comedones Description: small, red, pimple-like lesions or bumps that contain pus surrounded by dark brown ring (pustule) on the cheeks, chin, forehead, nose. Investigations: Clinical diagnosis; no specific investigations are required. Management: Neonatal acne usually resolves on its own, and no specific treatment is needed ACMS EducateDermatology LECTURE SERIES Neonatal Acne: ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Congenital Melanocytic Naevi (CMN) What is it: Congenital Melanocytic Naevi (CMN) are pigmented birthmark skin lesions that are present at birth, characterized by the proliferation of melanocytes in the skin during foetal development. Description: CMN appear as brown to black moles or patches that can vary in size, ranging from small, common mole-like lesions to large patches with raised or smooth surfaces, sometimes with hair growth. Investigations: Diagnosis is usually clinical, but dermoscopy offers a magnified view of lesion features. Biopsy may be considered in cases with atypical features for malignancy assessment. Management: Small, typical CMN may require only monitoring by a dermatologist to detect any concerning changes. Large or cosmetically problematic CMN, particularly in prominent areas, may be addressed with surgical excision or laser therapy. Sun protection education is crucial to reduce skin cancer risk in CMN, involving sunscreen and protective clothing. ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Congenital Melanocytic Naevi (CMN) ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Acne vulgaris: What is it: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition primarily affecting the pilosebaceous unit (hair follicles and sebaceous glands). It features non-inflammatory (comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts) primarily on the face but also on the neck, chest, back, and shoulders. Description: Typically begins in adolescence due to hormonal changes, leading to increased sebum production and formation of comedones (open or closed). Inflammation of comedones results in papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Acne can significantly impact self-esteem and quality of life especially in adolescents. Investigations: Diagnosis is often clinical. Investigations, like hormone level assessments, are considered for severe or atypical cases, but this is often for adult women. Management: Involves lifestyle changes (gentle cleansing, dietary adjustments), topical treatments (e.g., benzoyl peroxide, retinoids), and systemic medications (oral antibiotics, hormonal therapies, isotretinoin) based on severity. ACMS EducateDermatology LECTURE SERIES Acne Vulgaris: ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Infantile Haemangioma What is it: Haemangiomas are the most common soft tissue tumours of infancy. They are benign tumours that occur as a result of dysregulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis leading to a proliferation of blood vessels. It is most commonly found on the head and neck. Description: They start as faint red/brown birthmarks, with a distinct growth pattern involving a growth phase, stabilization phase, and regression phase. They consist of clusters of small blood vessels, & can have varying appearances (raised, flat, or deep-seated), and may change in colour. Investigations: Diagnosis is usually based on clinical appearance. Additional imaging studies like ultrasound, MRI, or angiography may be considered for atypical cases or when complications are suspected due to depth affecting nearby structures. Management: Most infantile haemangiomas resolve without treatment as they often regress spontaneously. Intervention may be needed for complications e.g. functional impairment, obstructing vision & breathing issues or cosmetic concerns and can include medications (propranolol, corticosteroids), laser therapy, or surgical excision in severe cases. ACMS EducateDermatology LECTURE SERIES Infantile Haemangioma: ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Capillary malformation What is it: Capillary malformation, or a port-wine stain, is a vascular birthmark, appearing as a flat, pink, red, or purple mark due to abnormally dilated skin capillaries present at birth. In rare cases, they may be linked to underlying syndromes or medical conditions. Description: Usually benign, capillary malformations are primarily a cosmetic concern, most often found on the face. They tend to persist throughout life and may darken and thicken over time. Investigations: Diagnosis through clinical examination by a dermatologist or healthcare provider. Wood's lamp examination to assess the extent and depth. Imaging like MRI for deeper involvement or to rule out syndromes in extensive cases. Genetic testing, including specific tests for associated syndromes like Sturge-Weber syndrome or Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in multifocal malformations. Management: Observation is often the first step, especially if the malformation is harmless and doesn't require treatment. Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy is used for cosmetic improvement and to reduce redness. Camouflage makeup can conceal the birthmark for those concerned about appearance. Surgical options, such as dermabrasion, excision, or skin grafts, may be considered for large or disfiguring malformations. Genetic counseling and medical evaluation, including syndrome-specific genetic testing, may be necessary for suspected syndromes. ACMS EducateDermatology LECTURE SERIES Capillary malformation ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES SBA: A newborn infant develops a rash within the first few days of life, presenting as small yellow or white papules surrounded by a red halo on the face and trunk. The rash is characterized by small fluid-filled bumps with no pus. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Neonatal acne B. Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum (ETN) C. Neonatal seborrheic dermatitis D. Milia E. Neonatal herpes infection ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES SBA: A 6-month-old infant presents with a distinct red/brown birthmark on the head. The birthmark has gone through a growth phase, appears raised, and is composed of clusters of small blood vessels. What is the most appropriate management for this condition? A. Observation and reassurance B. Immediate surgical excision C. Ultrasound for diagnostic confirmation D. Oral propranolol therapy E. Topical corticosteroid application ACMS Educate Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Recap STRUCTURE NEONATAL RASHES ERYTHEMA TOXICUM NEONATORUM MILIARIA SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS ATOPIC DERMATITIS NEONATAL ACNE CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NAEVI ACNE VULGARIS CAPILLARY MALFORMATION INFANTILE HAEMANGIOMA LO’S: HAVE AN AWARENESS OF TODAY’S CONDITIONS IN SKIN OF COLOUR BE ABLE TO CORRECTLY ANSWER SBAS ON TODAYS TOPICS TO PERFORM WELL ON SPOT DIAGNOSES ON TODAY’S CONDITIONS ACMS Educate The End Dermatology LECTURE SERIES Showing you conditions in skin of colour Presented by Akua Asare ACMS Educate